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Flashcards

Ecology

Noujen Ali Science Grade 10 Inglês 60 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (60)

  1. 1EcologyThe study of how organisms interact with their environment and other organisms.
  2. 2PopulationGroup of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time.
  3. 3CommunityAll the organisms that live and interact with each other in a certain area.
  4. 4EcosystemCommunity of organisms interacting with each other and with non-living factors in their environment.
  5. 5TerrestrialOf, on, or relating to the earth.
  6. 6AquaticOf, in, or relating to water.
  7. 7SuccessionChanges over time due to forest fires, hurricanes, and floods.
  8. 8BioticLiving things, like plants and animals. Something that was once alive and has since died is still in this category.
  9. 9AbioticNon-living things, such as nutrients, water, light, temperature, soil, and salinity.
  10. 10PhotosynthesisThe process in which green plants use water, sun, air, and soil to create energy. Converts light energy into chemical energy.
  11. 11Cellular RespirationConverts one form of energy into another, occurs in the cells of organisms.
  12. 12Energy FlowIt is one way, meaning it will not return to the sun. 90% of energy is used in daily activities such as digestion, respiration, and movement, leaving 10% to be passed on.
  13. 13Nutrient CycleWhen an organism dies, its nutrients will return back to the ecosystem. Examples include carbon, nitrogen, and water.
  14. 14ProducerAn organism that makes its own food, also known as an autotroph.
  15. 15ConsumerAn organism that must eat to gain the energy it need to survive, also known as a heterotroph.
  16. 16Primary ConsumerThe first consumer in a food chain.
  17. 17Secondary ConsumerThe second consumer in a food chain.
  18. 18Tertiary ConsumerThe third and (usually) final consumer in a food chain.
  19. 19Top CarnivoreThe final carnivore in a food chain.
  20. 20Trophic LevelsAlso referred to as 'feeding levels' are the levels of organisms on a food chain.
  21. 21HerbivoreThey only eat plant matter. These are always primary consumers in a food chain.
  22. 22OmnivoreThey eat both plant and animal matter.
  23. 23CarnivoreThey only eat animal matter.
  24. 24ScavengerThey eat large dead animals. Examples include vultures and crows.
  25. 25DecomposerThey get their energy from consuming dead plant and animal matter. These can be found on any trophic level.
  26. 26DetritivoreThey eat small dead animals and plants. Examples include crabs and earthworms.
  27. 27SaprobesThey live on or in non-living organic matter. They secrete digestive enzymes and absorb products of digestion. Examples include bacteria and fungi.
  28. 28Food ChainThe flow of energy from one organism to another in a simple line of who eats who.
  29. 29Food WebIt shows all the different organisms in an ecosystem and how they're connected through who eats who.
  30. 30Pyramid of NumbersThe concept that numbers of organisms generally decrease as you progress to the top of a food chain. There are exceptions to the pyramid of numbers.
  31. 31Pyramid of BiomassThe concept that the mass of organisms generally decrease as you progress to the top of a food chain. There are excepts to this pattern.
  32. 32Pyramid of EnergyThe concept that the energy available to organisms at each trophic level always decreases as you progress to the top of a food chain. There are zero exceptions to this rule. The energy always decreases by 90% at each trophic level.
  33. 33ProductivityThe average amount of new plant biomass produced every year per unit area. Abiotic factors such as sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and temperature affect this.
  34. 34Productive EcosystemsEstuaries, Swamps and Marshes, Tropical Rainforests, and Temperate Forests are the most productive ecosystems. The least productive ecosystems include the Open Ocean, Tundra, Desert Scrubs, and Extreme Deserts.
  35. 35MonocultureFarming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year. This can attract pests and depletes nutrients from the soil.
  36. 36IrrigationThe practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Also known as watering.
  37. 37ErosionThe process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. When we cut down rainforests, we remove roots which causes the soil to erode. Other plants can't grow in that area anymore.
  38. 38Quilitative ObservationDerived from the word 'quality', it is an observation made using your five senses, and does not use numbers. Examples include color, size, shape, smell, taste, and tone texture.
  39. 39Quantitative ObservationAn observation that is measurable such as amount, height, length, weight, speed, time, etc. Make sure to use units.
  40. 40SustainabilityThe ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generation.
  41. 41Sustainable DevelopmentThe use of renewable resources in a way that will not harm and, at the same time, increase the standard of living for people.
  42. 42Sustainable EcosystemAn ecosystem that is capable of withstanding pressure and give support to a variety of organisms.
  43. 43Ecological FootprintA measure of an individual's or a population's impact on the environment, including land needed for living, to produce food, and discard waste.
  44. 44Carrying CapacityLargest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support.
  45. 45SymbiosisA close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
  46. 46CommensalismA relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
  47. 47MutualismA relationship between two species in which both species benefit.
  48. 48ParasitismA relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed.
  49. 49Predetor-Prey RelationshipA predator consumes its prey.
  50. 50CompetitionTwo or more organisms compete for the same resources in the same place at the same time. This requires energy, and reduced energy leads to reduced growth and reproduction.
  51. 51Interspecific CompetitionCompetition between members of different species.
  52. 52Intraspecific CompetitionCompetition between members of the same species.
  53. 53BiodiversityMany different species of animals living in an ecosystem at the same time. This leads to more sustainable ecosystems because animals have more prey and/or predators than one.
  54. 54ParadigmA model or concept that is accepted by most people in society; it may explain a complex process, an idea or a set of data.
  55. 55Paradigm ShiftA fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions.
  56. 56Exponential GrowthGrowth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.
  57. 57Density-IndependentReferring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density, such as weather, fires, and pollution.
  58. 58Density-DependentReferring to any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density, such as disease, parasites, predation, and competition.
  59. 59Ecological NicheA specific role of a species within an ecosystem, including its use of resources, and relationships with other species. Two species can not have the same one of this.
  60. 60Invasive SpeciesPlants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native. Sometimes they are brought to places on purpose.

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Descrição
Ecology Unit Test Study for Science 10
Criado por
Noujen Ali
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