Flashcards
Ruminant Digestive Tract (Practical)
Flashcards do conjunto (61)
- 1Which muscle of the abdominal wall mainly originates at the tuber coxae?Internal abdominal oblique
- 2What type of the joint is the sacroiliac?Mixture of fibrous and synovial
- 3Which spinal transverse process is not normally palpable in the cow?L1
L6 also has a short transverse process - 4What are the boundaries of the paralumbar fossa?Dorsal: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Cranial: costal arch
Caudal: tuber coxae
Ventral: midway down costal arch at level of pelvic floor - 5Which blood vessels are involved in the blood supply to the abdominal wall?Craniodorsal = cranial abdominal (phrenicoabdominal in dog)
Caudodorsal = deep circumflex iliac
Cranioventral = cranial superficial epigastric
Caudoventral = caudal superficial epigastric - 6Why is most abdominal surgery in ruminants done via the flank with the animal standing or in sternal recumbency?If laid on its back, rumen will fill with gas and distended rumen could compress blood vessels and restrict lungs
- 7What is the fibre direction of the cutaneous trunci?Craniocaudally
- 8Why is the tunica flava yellow?Presence of elastic fibres
- 9What is the function of the tunica flava?Helps support weight of abdominal contents
- 10What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique?Outer surfaces of last eight ribs
- 11What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique?Tuber coxae dorsally but mainly an extensive aponeurosis to the linea alba
- 12What type of fibres do ventral rami of segmental nerves carry?Afferent and efferent somatic
Autonomic fibres to vascular smooth muscle - 13Why is it advantageous to cut through the flank in the direction of the muscle fibres?When animal stands, gravity pulls fibres together which aids healing
- 14Where is the ventral sac of the rumen located?Within the omental bursa
- 15Why is the reticulum a common site for foreign bodies to lodge?Oesophagus opens at junction between rumen and reticulum, so foreign bodies can fall into the ventral reticulum
Contractions of rumen can also push foreign bodies cranially into the reticulum - 16Where is the reticulum located in relation to the rumen?Cranioventrally and left
- 17How is it possible to determine the difference between the rumen and reticulum by palpation?Feel hexagonal structure of reticular wall
- 18Which 2 structures is the diaphragm related to cranially?Diaphragm
Liver - 19What is the clinical significance of the close relationship between the reticulum and diaphragm?Foreign bodies may perforate the wall of the reticulum and continue to penetrate the diaphragm
- 20Can the medial surface of the liver be reached through the supraomental recess?Yes but partially covered by lesser omentum
- 21Is the left kidney intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?Intraperitoneal
- 22Is the right kidney located within the supraomental recess?No - too dorsal
- 23Which 5 structures are visible on the right side of the abdomen with the greater omentum present?Duodenum
Liver if some intercostal muscles and part of diaphragm removed
Abomasum ventrally
Caudal extremity of caecum may protrude beyond supraomental recess
Bladder visible only if distended - 24What are the attachments of the greater omentum on the right side?Duodenum
Mesoduodenum
Greater curvature of abomasum - 25At which one are the superficial and deep layers of the greater omentum adherent to one another?Attachment along caudal groove of rumen
- 26Between which ribs does the omasum lie?7-11 inclusive
- 27Where is the omasal impression on the liver in cows?Occupies 2/3 of visceral surface
- 28Where is the omasal impression on the liver in small ruminants?Occupies 1/5 of visceral surface
- 29Around which structure does the duodenum pass?Root of mesentery
- 30Why is the spiral loop of the ascending colon poorly visible?Adherent to medial surface of great mesentery
- 31Is the descending colon located within the great mesentery?No - dorsal to this within mesocolon
- 32Give 8 structures palpable per rectum in ruminantsVagina
Ovaries
Cervix
Uterus and intercornual ligament
Dorsal sac of rumen
Left kidney
Bladder
Uterine artery in pregnant cows - 33How is the spleen related to the rumen?Visceral surface attached to left surface of rumen by peritoneum and connective tissue
- 34Give 4 attachments of the liver to the diaphragmCoronary ligament
Triangular ligaments
Falciform ligament
Caudal vena cava - 35What type of kidneys are present in cows and goats?Multipyramidal
- 36Which 2 parenchymatous organs are attached to the dorsal sac of the rumen?Pancreas
Spleen - 37Which mesentery attaches to the left longitudinal groove of the rumen?Superficial layer of greater omentum
- 38Which mesentery attaches to the right longitudinal groove of the rumen?Deep layer of greater omentum
- 39What is the name for penetration of the reticulum by a foreign body?Traumatic reticulitis
Commonly results in purulent pericarditis - 40What are the cranial and caudal relations of the abomasum?Cranial: fundus in contact with xiphoid process
Caudal: body in contact with abdominal floor, slightly to the right - 41Where does the pylorus of the abomasum join the duodenum?Dorsally, near the ventral part of rib 9 or 10
- 42List the attachments of the greater omentum on the complex stomachOesophageal hiatus (right)
Longitudinal groove/caudal groove (left)
Longitudinal groove/reticulum/greater curvature of abomasum/duodenum
Superficial and deep layers fuse with mesoduodenum to attach to dorsal body wall - 43Where are the bulk of the intestines located in the abdominal cavity?Supraomental recess
- 44Is the hilus of the spleen located dorsally or ventrally?Dorsally
- 45What is the line of peritoneal reflection on the spleen?Boundary between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal regions of spleen, located on visceral surface
- 46Which part of the pancreas lies within the mesoduodenum?Right lobe
- 47Where does the left lobe of the pancreas lie?Greater omentum
- 48On which side of the abdomen does the duodenum lie?Right
- 49Which structure is related to the descending duodenum ventrally?Jejunum
- 50Is the ascending duodenum related to the flank?No
- 51On which side of the abdomen does the jejunum lie?Right
- 52Which way does the caecum point?Caudally, towards the pelvis
- 53How is the ascending colon orientated in the ruminant?Vertical spiral
- 54What is the suspension of the descending colon?Short mesocolon
Lengthens caudally to allow greater mobility during rectal examinations - 55How is the appearance of the descending colon different from the rest of the intestine?Encased in fat
- 56What is the function of the gastric groove?Closes in calves when milk is fed to form ventral extension of oesophagus to omaso-abomasal orifice, bypassing the rumen
Chemoreceptors can be stimulated by copper sulphate in adult animals, permitting drugs to bypass the rumen - 57Through which chambers does the gastric groove pass?Wall of reticulum
Lesser curvature of omasum - 58Are papillae evenly distributed within the rumen?No - less over pillars and less dorsally due to gas bubble
- 59What type of epithelium lines the rumen, reticulum and omasum?Keratinised stratified squamous
- 60Why is the omasum often called 'the bible' by slaughtermen?Laminae appear like pages of a book
- 61What is the torus pyloricus?Thick muscular sphincter between pylorus and duodenum
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- BVSc Year 1 (Alimentary and Renal) FlashCards sobre Ruminant Digestive Tract (Practical), criado por Florence Edwards em 19-02-2016.
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- Florence Edwards
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