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Flashcards

Ruminant Digestive Tract (Practical)

Florence Edwards Year 1 BVSc English 61 cards

Cards in this deck (61)

  1. 1Which muscle of the abdominal wall mainly originates at the tuber coxae?Internal abdominal oblique
  2. 2What type of the joint is the sacroiliac?Mixture of fibrous and synovial
  3. 3Which spinal transverse process is not normally palpable in the cow?L1
    L6 also has a short transverse process
  4. 4What are the boundaries of the paralumbar fossa?Dorsal: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
    Cranial: costal arch
    Caudal: tuber coxae
    Ventral: midway down costal arch at level of pelvic floor
  5. 5Which blood vessels are involved in the blood supply to the abdominal wall?Craniodorsal = cranial abdominal (phrenicoabdominal in dog)
    Caudodorsal = deep circumflex iliac
    Cranioventral = cranial superficial epigastric
    Caudoventral = caudal superficial epigastric
  6. 6Why is most abdominal surgery in ruminants done via the flank with the animal standing or in sternal recumbency?If laid on its back, rumen will fill with gas and distended rumen could compress blood vessels and restrict lungs
  7. 7What is the fibre direction of the cutaneous trunci?Craniocaudally
  8. 8Why is the tunica flava yellow?Presence of elastic fibres
  9. 9What is the function of the tunica flava?Helps support weight of abdominal contents
  10. 10What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique?Outer surfaces of last eight ribs
  11. 11What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique?Tuber coxae dorsally but mainly an extensive aponeurosis to the linea alba
  12. 12What type of fibres do ventral rami of segmental nerves carry?Afferent and efferent somatic
    Autonomic fibres to vascular smooth muscle
  13. 13Why is it advantageous to cut through the flank in the direction of the muscle fibres?When animal stands, gravity pulls fibres together which aids healing
  14. 14Where is the ventral sac of the rumen located?Within the omental bursa
  15. 15Why is the reticulum a common site for foreign bodies to lodge?Oesophagus opens at junction between rumen and reticulum, so foreign bodies can fall into the ventral reticulum
    Contractions of rumen can also push foreign bodies cranially into the reticulum
  16. 16Where is the reticulum located in relation to the rumen?Cranioventrally and left
  17. 17How is it possible to determine the difference between the rumen and reticulum by palpation?Feel hexagonal structure of reticular wall
  18. 18Which 2 structures is the diaphragm related to cranially?Diaphragm
    Liver
  19. 19What is the clinical significance of the close relationship between the reticulum and diaphragm?Foreign bodies may perforate the wall of the reticulum and continue to penetrate the diaphragm
  20. 20Can the medial surface of the liver be reached through the supraomental recess?Yes but partially covered by lesser omentum
  21. 21Is the left kidney intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?Intraperitoneal
  22. 22Is the right kidney located within the supraomental recess?No - too dorsal
  23. 23Which 5 structures are visible on the right side of the abdomen with the greater omentum present?Duodenum
    Liver if some intercostal muscles and part of diaphragm removed
    Abomasum ventrally
    Caudal extremity of caecum may protrude beyond supraomental recess
    Bladder visible only if distended
  24. 24What are the attachments of the greater omentum on the right side?Duodenum
    Mesoduodenum
    Greater curvature of abomasum
  25. 25At which one are the superficial and deep layers of the greater omentum adherent to one another?Attachment along caudal groove of rumen
  26. 26Between which ribs does the omasum lie?7-11 inclusive
  27. 27Where is the omasal impression on the liver in cows?Occupies 2/3 of visceral surface
  28. 28Where is the omasal impression on the liver in small ruminants?Occupies 1/5 of visceral surface
  29. 29Around which structure does the duodenum pass?Root of mesentery
  30. 30Why is the spiral loop of the ascending colon poorly visible?Adherent to medial surface of great mesentery
  31. 31Is the descending colon located within the great mesentery?No - dorsal to this within mesocolon
  32. 32Give 8 structures palpable per rectum in ruminantsVagina
    Ovaries
    Cervix
    Uterus and intercornual ligament
    Dorsal sac of rumen
    Left kidney
    Bladder
    Uterine artery in pregnant cows
  33. 33How is the spleen related to the rumen?Visceral surface attached to left surface of rumen by peritoneum and connective tissue
  34. 34Give 4 attachments of the liver to the diaphragmCoronary ligament
    Triangular ligaments
    Falciform ligament
    Caudal vena cava
  35. 35What type of kidneys are present in cows and goats?Multipyramidal
  36. 36Which 2 parenchymatous organs are attached to the dorsal sac of the rumen?Pancreas
    Spleen
  37. 37Which mesentery attaches to the left longitudinal groove of the rumen?Superficial layer of greater omentum
  38. 38Which mesentery attaches to the right longitudinal groove of the rumen?Deep layer of greater omentum
  39. 39What is the name for penetration of the reticulum by a foreign body?Traumatic reticulitis
    Commonly results in purulent pericarditis
  40. 40What are the cranial and caudal relations of the abomasum?Cranial: fundus in contact with xiphoid process
    Caudal: body in contact with abdominal floor, slightly to the right
  41. 41Where does the pylorus of the abomasum join the duodenum?Dorsally, near the ventral part of rib 9 or 10
  42. 42List the attachments of the greater omentum on the complex stomachOesophageal hiatus (right)
    Longitudinal groove/caudal groove (left)
    Longitudinal groove/reticulum/greater curvature of abomasum/duodenum
    Superficial and deep layers fuse with mesoduodenum to attach to dorsal body wall
  43. 43Where are the bulk of the intestines located in the abdominal cavity?Supraomental recess
  44. 44Is the hilus of the spleen located dorsally or ventrally?Dorsally
  45. 45What is the line of peritoneal reflection on the spleen?Boundary between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal regions of spleen, located on visceral surface
  46. 46Which part of the pancreas lies within the mesoduodenum?Right lobe
  47. 47Where does the left lobe of the pancreas lie?Greater omentum
  48. 48On which side of the abdomen does the duodenum lie?Right
  49. 49Which structure is related to the descending duodenum ventrally?Jejunum
  50. 50Is the ascending duodenum related to the flank?No
  51. 51On which side of the abdomen does the jejunum lie?Right
  52. 52Which way does the caecum point?Caudally, towards the pelvis
  53. 53How is the ascending colon orientated in the ruminant?Vertical spiral
  54. 54What is the suspension of the descending colon?Short mesocolon
    Lengthens caudally to allow greater mobility during rectal examinations
  55. 55How is the appearance of the descending colon different from the rest of the intestine?Encased in fat
  56. 56What is the function of the gastric groove?Closes in calves when milk is fed to form ventral extension of oesophagus to omaso-abomasal orifice, bypassing the rumen
    Chemoreceptors can be stimulated by copper sulphate in adult animals, permitting drugs to bypass the rumen
  57. 57Through which chambers does the gastric groove pass?Wall of reticulum
    Lesser curvature of omasum
  58. 58Are papillae evenly distributed within the rumen?No - less over pillars and less dorsally due to gas bubble
  59. 59What type of epithelium lines the rumen, reticulum and omasum?Keratinised stratified squamous
  60. 60Why is the omasum often called 'the bible' by slaughtermen?Laminae appear like pages of a book
  61. 61What is the torus pyloricus?Thick muscular sphincter between pylorus and duodenum

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BVSc Year 1 (Alimentary and Renal) Flashcards on Ruminant Digestive Tract (Practical), created by Florence Edwards on 19/02/2016.
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