Flashcards
Acids and Bases
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1Define ACIDSSubstances that donate hydrogen ions [H+] when dissolved in water
- 2Name three inorganic acids!- Hydrochloric Acid [HCl]
- Sulphuric Acid [H2SO4]
- Nitric Acid [HNo3] - 3Name two organic acids!- Ethanoic solutions found in vinegar
- Citric acid found in lemon juice - 4When is a solution said to be acidic?When there are more hydrogen ions that hydroxide ions
- 5Define basesThe chemical opposites of acids
- 6What happens when a base is added to an acid?It neutralizes or cancels out the acidity
- 7Give 5 examples of bases!1} Copper [II] Oxide (CuO)
2} Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
3} Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3)
4} Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate (Ca[HCO3]2
5} Ammonia solution (NH3) - 8Define alkalisBases which are soluble in water
- 9Give 4 examples of alkalis!Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH
Potassium Hydroxide - KOH
Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
Ammonia solution - NH3 - 10When is a solution said to be alkaline?When there are more hydroxide ions that hydrogen ions
- 11Acid + Metal = ?Salt + Hydrogen gas
- 12Acid + Metal Oxide = ?Salt + Water
- 13Acid + Carbonate = ?Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide gas
- 14Distinguish between strong and weak acidsA strong acid ionises completely to produce hydrogen ions in water, while a weak acid gets partially ionised to produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
- 15Give 4 uses of Acids!- Strong acids are used to make fertilizers, detergents, and paints
- Acids are also used to remove ruse [e.g. sulfuric acid, hydochloric acid]
- Acids are used as food preservatives [e.g. benzoic, citric and ethanoic acid] - 16Give 4 uses of Alkalis!- Alkalis are present in a number of household products [e.g. drain cleaners, oven cleaners]
- Sodium Hydroxide: manufacture of soap
- Slaked lime (Ca[OH]2): treatment of acidic soil
- Milk of Magnesia (Mg[OH]2): used in antacid tablets to neutralize acids in stomach - 17Define NeutralizationThe reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water only
- 18What happens when an acid is added to an alkali?- the pH decreases
- the conductivity of the solution decreases, as the H+ and OH- ions from water molecules
- temperature of solution increases - 19Name two ways Neutralization reactions take place in agriculture- To treat acidic soil: lime fertilizers such as powdered lime [CaO], limestone [CaCO3], or ashes of burnt wood are added to the soil to neutralize its acidity
- To treat basic soil: treatment is using compost of rotting vegetables or leaves. acidic gas from decomposition neutralizes alkalis in basic soils - 20Name two ways Neutralization reactions take place in industries- to treat acidic wastes: water from electroplating industry contains acids [e.g. sulfuric acid] which are neutralized with lime before being discharged into rivers and streams
- to treat acidic gas