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Flashcards

Fundamentals of the Nervous System

Britney Matthews Physician Assistant Inglês 48 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (48)

  1. 1Nervous System is divided structurally into...CNS and PNS
  2. 2Nervous System is divided functionally into...SNS and ANS
  3. 3Central Nervous Systembrain and spinal cord
  4. 4Peripheral Nervous Systemnerve fibers and their nerve cell bodies that reside outside the CNS
    CN I-XII and 31 spinal nerves
  5. 5What is the functional unit of the nervous system?Neurons
  6. 6What are neurons composed of?cell body, dendrites, and axons
  7. 7Neuronal axons (nerve fibers)transmit impulses to other neurons or to a target organ or muscle
  8. 8Sensory Nervestransmit impulses to the CNS from peripheral sensory organs
  9. 9Nucleuscollection of nerve cell bodies in CNS
  10. 10Ganglionnerve cell body aggregation in the PNS
  11. 11Tractbundle of nerve fibers that connect the nuclei in CNS
  12. 12Nervebundle of nerve fibers, the connective tissue holding it together, and blood vessels
  13. 13Cranial Nervesnerves exiting the cranium
  14. 14Spinal Nervesnerves exiting the vertebral column
  15. 15Nervous tissues consists of 2 types of cellsneurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (glia cells)
  16. 16What 3 layers make up the meninges/spinal cord?pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
  17. 17Pia materinnermost meningeal layer, delicate, transparent covering
  18. 18Where is the cerebrospinal fluid located?Subdural space.
    between the pia mater and arachnoid mater
  19. 19Dura Materthick tough layer external to pia and arachnoid mater
  20. 20What separates the dura mater from vertebral column?The fat filled epidural space
  21. 21Peripheral Nervous System Functionnerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS
    conduct impulses to/away from CNS
  22. 22Central Nervous System Functionbrain and spinal cord.
    integrate and coordinate incoming/outgoing neural signals,
    carry out higher mental functions
  23. 23Nerve Fiber consists of...axon, neurolemma,and surrounding endoneurial connective tissue
  24. 24NeurolemmaSchwann Cells surrounding axon
    (myelinated or unmyelinated)
  25. 25Nerve fibers are supported and protected by...Endoneurium, Perineurium, and Epineurium
  26. 26PNS consists of what 2 nerve fibers?afferent and efferent fibers
  27. 27Afferent fiberssensory
    convey neural impulses to CNS from sense organs
  28. 28Efferent Fibersmotor
    convey neural impulses from CNS to effector muscles
  29. 29Cranial NervesCN I-XII
    exit the cranium foramina
  30. 30Spinal Nerves31 pairs
    (plus spinal root XI)
    exit the vertebral column thru intervertebral foramina
  31. 31Spinal Level vs Vertebral Levelcord vs bone
  32. 32Where do spinal nerves originally arise from?nerve rootlets
  33. 33Rootlets converge into 2 nerve roots...Anterior (ventral) nerve root
    Posterior (dorsal) nerve root
  34. 34Anterior Nerve Rootsmotor (efferent) fibers
    nerve cell bodies in anterior horn of gray matter to effector organs
  35. 35Posterior Nerve Rootssensory (afferent) fibers
    from cell bodies in spinal or posterior root ganglion extending peripherally to sensory endings and centrally to posterior horn of gray matter
  36. 36What forms when posterior and anterior nerve roots unite?Spinal nerve
  37. 37What happens after the spinal nerve forms from the posterior and anterior nerve roots?divides into posterior and anterior rami
  38. 38Dermatomeunilateral area of skin innervated by sensory fibers of single spinal nerve
  39. 39Myotomeunilateral muscle innervated by single spinal nerve
  40. 40Posterior (primary) rami of spinal nervessupply synovial joints, deep muscles of back, and overlying skin in segmental pattern
    (NO PLEXUSES)
  41. 41Anterior (primary) rami of spinal nervessupply anterior/lateral areas of trunk, UEs, LEs.
    Can form into somatic nerve PLEXUSES creating multisegmental peripheral nerves
  42. 42Somatic Fiberssomatosensory fibers and somatic motor fibers
  43. 43Somatosensory Fiberstransmit sensation from body to CNS
    exteroceptive or proprioceptive senstaions
  44. 44Somatic Motortransmit impulses to skeletal muscles
  45. 45Visceral Fibersvisceral sensory fibers and visceral motor fibers
  46. 46Visceral sensory fiberssmallest component
    transmit pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensations
    Ex. stretch and distention and nonlocalized abd pain
  47. 47Visceral Motor Fibersimpulses to smooth muscle and glandular tissues
    presynaptic and postsynaptic
  48. 48Somatic Nervous System

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CHAPTER 1 OF MOORE CLINICALLY ORIENTED ANATOMY
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