Flashcards
Globalisation 6
Flashcards do conjunto (31)
- 1Cultural TraitsCulture can be broken down into individual component parts, such as the clothing people wear, or their language. Each component is called a 'cultural trait'
- 2Cultural ImperialismThe practise of promoting the culture/language of one nation in another. It is usually the case that the former is a large, economically or militarily powerful nation and the latter is a smaller, less affluent one.
- 3Soft PowerThe global influence a country derives from its culture, its political values and its diplomacy. Much of the USA's soft power have been produced by 'Hollywood, Harvard, Microsoft and Michael Jordan'
- 4Cultural LandscapeThe landscape of a place that has been shaped over time in characteristic ways by the combined action of natural and human processes.
- 5The emergence of Global Culture: Introduction The word 'culture' describes what? Cultural traits change over time what has accelerated this?1) A society's 'structure of feeling'
2) Globalisation - 6Cultural Diffusion and its Causes How is cultural diffusion achieved?Sometimes achieved through coercion, using legal or even military tools. Forced assimilation of culture is also called cultural imperialism. Languages, religion and customs were spread around the world using force by the Roman and the British empires e.g. Today, countries like USA/UK play a role in bringing cultural change to other places through soft power. No Force e.g. media.
- 7The Growth of Global Culture - The specific cultural influence of the USA on other place is called what? - The joint role played by European and NA countries in bringing cultural change is called what?1) Americanisation
2) Westernisation - 8The growth of a global culture TNCs InfluenceThe global dispersal of food, clothes and other goods by TNCs has played a major role in shaping a common culture. Some co operations such as Nike, Apple and Lego have 'rolled out' uniform products globally bringing cultural changes to places.
- 9The Growth of a Global Culture TNCs EvaluationWhen TNCs engage with new markets and cultures they often adapt their products and services to suit different places (glocalisation). Resulting in the products sold increasingly reflecting local cultures e.g. McDonald menus. However this is just a sophisticated form of cultural imperialism.
- 10The Growth of a Global Culture Global Media InfluenceMedia giant Disney have exported its sorties of superheroes and princesses everywhere. Western festival of Halloween and Christmas feature prominently in its films. The BBC helps maintain the UK's cultural influences overseas (especially the world service radio station)
- 11The Growth of a Global Culture Global MEDIA EvaluationOther places gain a 'window' on American and British culture through shows such as Downton Abbey. However, many reality and celebrity shows, such as Strictly Come Dancing are re-filmed for different national markets. Also, there are many non-western influences on global culture, including the TV channels Russia Today. Japanese TV has been influencial - Pokemon.
- 12The Growth of Global Culture Migration and Tourism InfluenceMigration brings enormous cultural changes to places. Europeans travelled widely around the world during the age of empires, taking their language and customs with them. Today, tourists introduce cultural change to the distant places they visits.
- 13The Growth of Global Culture Migration and Tourism EvaluationMigrants can affect the culture of host regions, but the change may be partial. British migrants took their language and love of cricket to many places, but often had little effect on other cultural traits, notably religion. It is important to ask if cultural changes for places are superficial or meaningful? We can also explore the effect of out-migration on the culture of source regions.
- 14The Growth of Global Culture What is 'Globish'? PositiveOne manifestation of a 'global culture' is the way 4 billion people speak Globish (a form of basic English consisting of around 1500 words). This language has a long history of adoption by the citizens of more than 60 ex-British colonies and countries under US-influence, such as Singapore. Since the 1990s, however, Globish has diffused into countries which lack much shared history with either the UK/USA e.g. Japan and Brazil. English has dominated the internet communication from its outset also because a global language of commerce and technology in part due to the (English Speaking) USA superpower status.
- 15The Growth of Global Culture What is 'Globish'? NegativeGlobish is not entirely uniform global language, however. Words and grammar vary from country to country because of the way English has been blended with different native languages such as Singlish - Singapore version of Globish. Globish is not replacing local languages.
- 16Changing Diets in Asia: How cultural changes affects people and the Environment. Physical EnvironmentThey're changing from low in meat and high vegetables to more meat and fast food. China's meat consumption per capita rose from 5kg-50kg. The physical environment has affected this by the increase in livestock farming... methane emission... global warming. Crops imported to feed China's farm animals - carbon emissions.
- 17Skills focus: Global brand analysis21/30 of the top 30 global brands in 2015, were American owned.
The worlds largest global brands have enjoyed a 'golden age' since 2000. Global shift and the rise of the new global middle class, have helped the 100 biggest brands grow in combined value to US$3.5 trillion. - 18The Costs of Cultural Erosion Pessimistic HyperglobalisersConcerned that languages around the world are disappeering as use of English continues to spread. Fear of global trend in derailing of ecosystems at varying scale. This global culture of consumerism is fundamentally at odds with sustainable development goals further derailing of native becomes inevitable.
- 19The Costs of Cultural Erosion Optimistic HyperglobalisersSee merits in emergence of global culture that values equality, freedom of expression and reduced discrimination on the ground of gender, sexuality and disability.
- 20Papua New Guinea Describe the typical way of life in Papua New GuineaUnder Colonial rule (pre 1975) - missionaries and administrators suppressed tribal ware fuel to allow freedom of movement and integrated imagers into the colonial economy as plantation workers and mission helpers.
- 21What do you think causes a change in the way people in Papua New Guinea lived? Describe the impact of thisMissionary activities led to the spread of christianity and western education. This led to class differences emerging.
Increasing intermarriage between different cultural groups resulting in many couples failing to pass on their native language. - 22Papua New Guinea What happened in 1964? What impact did this have and why?Construction of copper mine in Bougainville. However, mainland population were used for labour rather than the locals. Locals felt they were not benefitting from the mine - guerrilla operation - formed a revolutionary army.
- 23Amazonia What evidence is there that Amazonian tribes are becoming westernised?They're becoming more aware of western cultures and lifestyles. As a result some are wearing modern western clothing, some are moving to urban areas such as Manuas , and some people feel they no longer respect the local ecosystems the way they used to. They are becoming increasingly interested in income, education and health improvements for kids.
- 24New opportunities for Disadvantaged groups Globalisation has enabled mass migration of people from different cultures. The British Nationality Act 1948 granted the subjects of the British Empire and live and work in the UKThe dissolution of the British Empire and associated social and economic dislocation created push factors encouraging migration from former colonies to the UK. Moreover, demand for labour in the UK in the aftermath of WW2 provided a powerful pull factor. Migration rules have been progressively tightened since the 1960s and 1970s, but the result has been the establishment of many cultures in the UK.
- 25New opportunities for Disadvantaged groups The Race Relations Act 1968 created rights for all races with respect to employment, housing, commercial and other services. This was extended again with the Race Relations Act 1976. Attitudes have developed over time to become known as the diversity agenda: governments have responsibility for legislating to prevent discrimination against all disadvantaged groups.The activity of global player, such as Intergovernmental Organisations (IGO) and TNCs, is also important in conveying these values. For example, football's governing body Fifa is a global player, representing football federations around the world. It promotes the sport as well as selling valuable television rights and marketing competitions such as the World Cup. However, in doing so, it also promotes anti-discrimination policies and attitudes: an example is FIFA's #saynotoracism campaign.
- 26Resisting and Reacting to Cultural and Environmental Change At a range of scales there is opposition to globalisation. Individuals, pressure groups and governments may all experience some degree of concern with the cultural impacts of globalisation, in addition its social, economic or environmental consequences.Cultural change is associated with an entire spectrum of reaction.
- 27Selected Regions against globalisation FranceFrance is fiercely protective of its culture and language, particularly in a world heavily influence by the internet and the English language. The French government is extremely supportive of French filmmakers and subsidises works filmed in the French language. Under local content law, 40% cent of television output must consist of French productions. French language music is heavily promoted on radio stations.
- 28Selected Regions against globalisation China'Great firewall' of China - prevents internet users from using BBC and Facebook services. Only allows 34 foreign firms a year. However, the population is starting to adopt some western cultures. For example, Christmas is starting to be celebrated as a time to spend with friends and family.
- 29Selected Regions against globalisation NigeriaProtests against environmental damage from oil spillages led to execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa (the main who led the protests) - caused international out cry. Oil companies such as Royal Dutch Shell and ExxonMobil have been accused of causing huge environmental damage in Nigeria.
- 30Examples of how India's environment has suffered due to globalisation.Increase in rural-urban migration for work - huge straing on urban areas. Evidence for this is only 209 of India's 3119 towns and cities have partial sewage treatment facilities. Only 9 have full waste water treatment facilities. Over 100 cities dump untreated sewage in the River Ganges.
Negative Environmental externalities - Agricultural run-off, and small scale factories along rivers and lakes. Fertilisers and pesticides used in intensive agriculture in NW India are found in rivers, lakes and groundwater. Flooding during monsoons worsen India's water pollution problem as it washes contaminated soils into rivers and woodlands. - 31How India's environment has suffered due to globalisation What was the reaction to this?Campaigns against US soft drinks TNCs - They draw too much ground water.
Campaigns against high profile dam developments (hoping to provide HEP, but needs huge areas of land)
Jhola Aandolan - a popular movement fighting against plastic bag use.
Recycling is growing in the informal job sector in many cities.
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- A-Level Geography FlashCards sobre Globalisation 6, criado por Ethan Molloy em 01-02-2017.
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- Ethan Molloy
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