Flashcards
SystemsArchitectureMemoryAndStorage
Flashcards do conjunto (15)
- 1CPUThe Central Processing Unit is responsible for all of a computer’s processing.
- 2Registers in the CPUProgram counter:holds the address of the next instruction to be executed
General Purpose Registers: Hold data, such as numbers during arithmetic calculations
Some architectures have just a single register called the Accumulator - 3The main components of a computero.INPUT
DEVICES
o.SECONDARY
STORAGE
o.OUTPUT
DEVICES
o.MAIN MEMORY - 4Von Neumann architectureo.Computer programs and the data the programs are using are stored in the same memory
o.Data then moves between the memory unit and the processor - 5Accumulatorwhere arithmetic and logic results are temporarily stored
- 6Memory registersWith the von Neumann architecture, both the instructions and the data are stored together in RAM
- 7Memory Address Registero.holds the address of the current instruction being executed
o.knows the location of the data that needs to be accessed
o.keeps track of where data is located - 8Memory Data Registerholds the actual data that is being stored in RAM
acts as a buffer and holds data that is copied from RAM, ready for the CPU to process it - 9Working togethertwo work together; The MAR knows where to look for data in RAM, the MDR keeps hold of that data until it’s ready to be used by the CPU
- 10Control Unitcontrol unit coordinates all of the activities taking place within the CPU
- 11Fetch – Decode – ExecuteFETCH – causes the next instruction and any data involved to be fetched from main memory
DECODE – decodes the instruction
EXECUTE – carries out the instruction - 12Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)o.Arithmetic operations
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
o.Logical operations
comparing one data item to another - 13Processor Speed1 Kilohertz (KHz) = 1000 cycles per second
1 Megahertz (MHz) = 1,000,000 cycles per second
1 Gigahertz (GHz) = 1,000,000,000 cycles per second - 14Cache memoryCache is a small amount of very fast, expensive memory in the CPU
can be accessed faster than regular main memory (RAM) - 15The benefits of cachedata used most often by the CPU is held in Level 1 cache so is instantly available
other data needed by the CPU is accessed from the Level 2 cache 95% of the timegreatly reduces the time that the CPU has to wait for data from main memory
The size of the Level 2 cache, and whether it is actually on board is a major factor in determining the performance of the CPU
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- GCSE Computing FlashCards sobre SystemsArchitectureMemoryAndStorage, criado por Alex Cochrane em 08-03-2017.
- Criado por
- Alex Cochrane
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