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Flashcards

A451 Computer System and Programming

Stilyan Kolevski Computing GCSE Inglês 43 flashcards

A451 Computer System and Programming

Flashcards do conjunto (43)

  1. 1Q: Define a computer systemA combination of hardware and software that take a set of inputs, process them and create a set of outputs
  2. 2Q: Describe the importance of computer systems in the modern worldThey are essential to our safety, our comfort and our well-being in the modern world
  3. 3Q: Explain the need for reliability in computer systemsFor a computer system to be reliable, we need it to do the job it is designed to do in a reasonable time frame, without causing errors.
    Unreliable computer systems can sometimes let us down and can cause very serious problems.
    Example: A life support machine is a system where failure may result in death.
  4. 4Q: What are Open Standards?Open standards are both publicly available and flexible. Anyone can engage with technology that adopts open standards
  5. 5Q: What are Proprietary Standards?Proprietary standards are defined by a particular company, usually companies are large enough to dominate the market
  6. 6Q: What are Industry Standards?Industry standards of formally defined set of standards that specify how hardware or software from different developers interact
  7. 7Q: What are De facto Standards?De facto standard evolved form what happens to work well. They emerge from practice, rather than being formally defined
  8. 8Q: What is the Computer Misuse Act?This act makes hacking illegal
  9. 9Q: What is the Data Protection Act?This act states that if you store the personal data of anyone, you are required to keep it secure an up to date
  10. 10Q: What is the Copyright Act?It is illegal to make a copy of any publications without the permission of the copyright owner
  11. 11Q: What is the Health and Safety at Work Act?This act makes employees responsible for the safety of their staff, as well as staff responsible for the safety of other staff
  12. 12Q: What are the environmental impacts of computers? (Negatives)Old computers are not easy to dispose of and are not always recycled
    Computers require energy to run, which means the burning of fossil fuels
    The production of computer systems requires raw material as well as energy
  13. 13Q: What are the environmental impacts of computers? (Positives)Communication sent electronically does not waste paper or ink
    People who work from home to not have to burn fossil fuels driving to work
    Industrial processes that are computer-controlled or more efficient and, therefore, less polluting
  14. 14Q: State the purpose of the CPUThe CPU is responsible for fetching and executing instructions
  15. 15Q: Describe the function of the CPU as fetching and executing instructions stored in memoryThe CPU undergoes the fetch execute cycle. This involve lots of small storage locations called registers.
    The Program Counter: The program counter holds the address in RAM of the next instruction to be executed.
  16. 16Q: What is the clock speed?Clock speed is the frequency of the fetch and execute cycle
  17. 17Q: What is cache memory?The cache is a small area of memory that is quick for the CPU to access that stores a frequently used instructions
  18. 18Q: About the CPU coresCores of also known processors. A CPU with two cores is also referred to as a dual core processor. Processors with four cores is also referred to as a quad core processor.
  19. 19Q: What is an AND gate and how does it work?The AND gate can only output a 1 if both inputs are 1, otherwise it outputs a 0Q: What is an AND gate and how does it work?
  20. 20Q: What is an OR gate and how does it work?The OR gate can only output a 1 if either or both inputs is a 1, otherwise the output is a 0Q: What is an OR gate and how does it work?
  21. 21Q: What is the NOT gate and how does it work?The NOT gate outputs the opposite value to the inputQ: What is the NOT gate and how does it work?
  22. 22Q: What does RAM stand for?Random Access Memory
  23. 23Q: What does ROM stand for?Read Only Memory
  24. 24Q: What are the differences between RAM and ROM? (Difference 1)RAM is read and write memory, whereas ROM is read only memory
  25. 25Q: What are the differences between RAM and ROM? (Difference 2)RAM is volatile, meaning it looses stored data when turned off, whereas ROM is non-volatile, which means it does not loose stored data when turned off
  26. 26Q: What is the need of the ROM?It permanently stores the programs that the data needed to boot up that system. A good example of this is the BIOS on a PC
  27. 27Q: What is the need of the RAM?RAM is needed but computers since it is a volatile storage for temporary data being used. RAM provide a unique address for data stored in it making it possible for the CPU to read modify and write to memory
  28. 28Q: What is virtual memory?Virtual memory is when we use some of the storage area on the hard drive to act as an extention of memory. Virtual memory acts almost as an extension of the RAM
    Virtual memory comes to place when the RAM is full and has no more space left
  29. 29Q: What is cache memory?Cache memory is memory located as close as possible to the CPU, in some cases within the CPU itself, that stores frequently used instructions
  30. 30Q: What are some input devices?Keyboard
    Mouse
    Touchscreen
    Microphone
    Scanner
    Joystick
  31. 31Q: What are some output devices?Monitor
    Printer
    Speakers
    Buzzers
    Lights
  32. 32Q: The System Software?System software has a wide range of responsibility some of which are visible to the user and some of which are in the background
  33. 33Q: What is overseen by the operating system?•Providing a user interface
    •Memory management
    •Peripheral management
    •Multitasking
    •Security
    •Utility programme management
  34. 34Q: What is a bit?A single binary digit
  35. 35Q: What is a nibble?A sequence of four bits
  36. 36Q: What is a byte?A sequence of eight bits
  37. 37Q: What is a kilobyte?Approximately 1,000 bytes
  38. 38Q: What is a megabyte?Approximately 1,000 kilobytes or 1,000,000 bytes
  39. 39Q: What is a gigabyte?Approximately 1,000 megabytes or one billion bytes
  40. 40Q: What is a terabyte?Approximately 1,000 gigabytes or one trillion bytes
  41. 41Q: List the units of data in order from smallest to biggestBit
    Nibble
    Byte
    Kilobyte
    Megabyte
    Gigabyte
    Terabyte
  42. 42Q: REMEMBER THE TABLE OF REPRESENTATIONSQ: REMEMBER THE TABLE OF REPRESENTATIONS
  43. 43Q: What is an 'Overflow' error?An overflow error is an error that occurs in the calculation of binary numbers where the result it too big for the number of bits received to hold a result

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GCSE Computing FlashCards sobre A451 Computer System and Programming, criado por Stilyan Kolevski em 06-06-2017.
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