Flashcards
Stress
Flashcards do conjunto (9)
- 1MANAGING STRESS - MICHENBAUM 21 uni students 17- 25 who replied to an advert for therapy for exam stress. matched on anxiety and gender. Each compleated a test anxieity questionaire and told they would be doing iq tests (to get a base line anxiety level) and assessed using anxiety objective checklist. Split into three groups. stress inoculation therapy - 8 sessions of the insight approach which helped them identify thoughts before a test. given positive statements to say and relaxation techniques to use. the second group got systematic desensitization- 8 therapy sessions with progresive relaxation training told to practice whalst imagining stresfull situations. third group told on a waiting list.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
self report of stress levels and exam grade averages were looked at to see effectiveness by blind raters. SIT experienced greatest improvement in test performance and reported less anxiety. SIT is an effective method to prevent exam stress in people prone to it. it is more effective than behavioral techniques as includes cognitive component. Can be used in colleges to allow students to achieve their full potential. - 2MANAGING STRESS - BUDZINSKI To see if biofeed back worked on the principals of a placebo. EME used to mesure muscle tension with electrodes, self report of headaches and psychometric tests for depression. 18 participants replied to local advert - all expirience tension headaches. screened over phone and medical and psychometric tests done to ensure no other causes. Three groups one reciving biofeed back and relaxation training (listened to ticks told reflected muscle tension lots = tense) practice relaxing 20 mins per day. Another recived biofeedback that was clearly not their own- psyudo feedback- and recived relaxation training and practiced relaxing 20 mins per day. Three months later both groups got 2 sessions a week for 8 weeks, given emg tests and compleated mmpi and questionairs.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
One told they were on waiting list but asked to come in anyway so all were in for the same amount of time. group A had sig lower muscle tension, drug use and reported headaches after 3 months. others did not. All had high hipercondriasis hysteria and depression at start- reduced for all mainly A. after 18 months still had reduced headaches.Bilfeed back effective at training relaxation and reducing tension headaches. relaxation training is more effective than just monitoring. Can be used on people suffering tension headaches which inhibit their performance during exam time or prevent them doing stressful jobs. - 3MANAGING STRESS - WAXLER AND MORRISON 133 females below 55 (pre-menapause) referred to clinic in Vancouver, diagnosed with breast cancer. 18 interviewed, self report on demographic and existing social network, education levels, who responsable for, perception of support from others and psychometric test of social network including marital status, church membership, friend and family contacts. 4 years later check to see who had survived. found that the more support a person had the higher their survival rates. support such as help with cooking, taking them to hospital examples of helpful support. More likely to survive if had a job (offered support- not financially) a supportive spouse.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
although only a minor contributing factor the social support a person with brest cancer recives can improve their survival. Prospecive aspect removed retrospective bais. assumed that support reduced stress as stress reduces the immune system. From research like this the importance of suport can be recognised and charitys such as macmillan are set up specifically to offer support as they saw the effect it has. - 4CAUSES - KANNER hassesls and uplifts scales compaired with life events scale. 100 mostly white protestant californians with adequet or above income and minimum of 9th grade education. asked to compleate hassles and uplifts scale every month for 9 months. life events rating after 10 months and hopkin stress symptoms and bradburn moral scale every month for 9 months. Hassels were consistent. life events correlated positively with hassles. For men they correlated negatively with uplifts but for women they correlated positively with uplifts.CONCUSSION- APPLICATION
hassels corelated positively with hopkin stress symptomes scale, life events less so. hassels the most powerful predictor of stress symptoms. can help doctors to determin cause of illness if a patient has many hassels as stress. cortisol a stress hormone inhibits the effectiveness of the immune system so this may be why a patient keeps getting ill. - 5MEASSURING STRESS - HOLMES AND RAHE 394 participants from varying ethnicity's, religions and educational backgrounds given a questionair consisting of a list of 43 life events and asked to rate them each with a number according to thire stressfulness. marrrage was given an arbitary rating of 50. asked to base rating on personal expirience and perceptions of others expirience and time taken to readjust. ranged from the death of a spouse to Christmas. found that participants ratings of life events tended to be similar.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
the final srrs compleated based on participants mean scores. correlation of ratings in all groups but black people and white people but different religoins, educations, and ages correlated. most common western concepts such as going to jail. some ratings reflect western conformisem and matirialisem. general agreement on stress levels caused by the events are the same. offeres a beter understanding of life events as stressors and this can be used to predict stress levels in people undergoing these events which would be usefull in those prone to stress as can be looked out for. - 6MEASURING STRESS - JOHANSON heart rate monitors and galvanic skin response sensors which messure the electrical current which shows level of moisture on skin - sweat a symptom of stress. heart rate monitors discarded but initially the base line measurements were taken when participant was siting still whilst machine calibrated.beckmn model rb polygraph used to collect psychophysiological data. data converted from a voltometer of gsr to a print out. in room which was sound and electricity shielded preventing interference. gsr placed on palm and forearm on pp's writing arm.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
shows how scientific measurements can be used. however no qualitative data. physiological measures overcome subjectivity. possibly invalid. - 7MEASURING STRESS - JOHANSON combined approach taking physiological mesurements of chemicals in urin and temperiture of urine (showing alertnes) when expelled done on arrival to work and four more times during the day. Psychological messures by self report of mood on a likert scale from 10 most ever expirience to 0.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
scientific and detailed, holistic and valid way of understanding the impacts of stress. - 8CAUSES- JOHANSON 24 participants who worked at a Swedish saw mill. 10 low risk were cleaners and maintenance workers. self report on likert scales of one to ten with words like sleepiness and well being.Urine samples on arrival at work and 4 other times throughout the day. temperature of urine, and levels of adrenalin in urine measured. higher levels of adrenalin- twice the base line in high risk group and increased throughout day. for control adrenalin peaked to 1.5 their baseline first thing then reduced throughout the day. self report showed high risk felt more rushed and irritated and rated well being lower.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
jobs involving high risk of stress such as self determined pay,repetitive, skill required,machine paced isolated result in higher stress levels in workers. useful as 1.4 million days of work occure due to stress each year in the uk as a result of stress. huge costs so would be benneficial to see how stress can be reduced. on of the top four us hospitals has a peace room where staff can go to relax for a few minuets during breaks in highly stressful jobs. important to have some control like this to help reduce stress a little. - 9CAUSES - GEER AND MAISEL 60 psychology students at n y uni equally divided into groups. all attached to heart rate monitors and gsr mesurers and individually went in a room where they were shown photos of car crash victims. the first group recived a warning tone befor the photo apeared and could make the photo disapear as soon as they liked by the press of a button. the second group herd warning tones but had no control on how long the image remained for and the third group recived no control and heard tones at random points during. group one and two were both told how long they would see the photo and that they would be 60 second appart.CONCLUSION - APPLICATION
The group who had tones but no control had hightest gsr rates, second highest was the random tones group. heart rates were discarded as proved inacurate. all instructions were read over and intercom.
a lack of control is a cause of stress. therefore stress is not only down to tangible stressers but also the situation. this can be used to reduce work place stress by giving employees some control eg letting employees decide between them self which tasks they will each do.
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- FlashCards sobre Stress, criado por me oh my em 20-05-2013.
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- me oh my
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