Science

Science

1. Physics

   • Waves
     • Mechanical Waves
       • Waves that pass through a material are vibrations of that material (Eg. Sound Waves, Seismic Waves)
     • Electromagnetic Waves
       • Vibrating Electrical or magnetic fields through space (No material needed) (eg. light, Ultra-Violet
   • Sound
     • Sound can only travel through particles
       • Travels easily through elastic
     • The Speed of Sound
       • The speed of sound in a particular medium depends on how close the particles are
     • Sonar
       • Use of reflected sound waves to locate objects underwater
     • Sound travels greater in Solids + Liquids
     • The Ear
       • Ear Canal
         • The tube that leads from the outside of the ear drum
       • Eardrum
         • A thin piece of stretched skin inside the ear that vibrates when sound reaches it
       • Avricle
         • The fleshy outside part of an ear
       • Cochlea
         • The snail shaped part of the inner ear. It is lined with tiny hairs that are vibrated by sound and stimulate the hearing receptros
       • Semicircular Canals
         • Three curved tubes, filled with fluid, in the inner ear that control your sense of balance
     • Sound Level
       • Relative Intensity
         • How loud a sound is
         • Decibel (dB)
           • a unit of measurement of relative sound frequency
       • Threshold of Hearing
         • Lowest level of sound that can be heard by the Human Ear
         • Threshold of Pain
           • Lowest level of sound that causes pain to the ear
   • Electromagnetic Spectrum
     • complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields
     • Radio Waves
       • Low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light
     • Visible Light
       • Very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are sensitive
     • Electromagnetic Waves
       • Energy that is transmitted as moving electric and magnetic fields
       • They can travel in a vaccum
       • The higher the energy they have, the shorter the wavelength
   • Light
     • Angle of Incidence = Angle of reflection
     • Rays
       • Narrow Beams of light
     • Beam
       • Wide stream of light rays
     • Reflection
       • Bouncing off the surface of a substance
     • Luminous
       • Releasing it's own light
     • Transparent
       • Describes a substance that allows most light to pass through it
     • Translucent
       • allowing light to come through imperfectly
     • Opaque
       • Allowing no light to come through
     • Refraction
       • Change in speed of light as it passes from one substance to another
     • Normal
       • A line drawn perpendicular to a surface at the point where a light ray meet is
   • The Eye
     • Retina
       • curved surface at the back of the eye
     • Pupil
       • A hole through which light enters the eye
     • Cornea
       • The curved, clear outer-covering of your eye
     • Optic Nerve
       • Large nerves that send signals to the brain from the sight receptors in the retina
     • Lenses
       • Converging
         • Lens that bends rays so that they move towards eachother
       • Biconvex
         • Describes a convex lens with both sides curved outwards
       • Convex Lens
         • Brings rays of light closer together
       • Concave
         • Spreads out rays of light
     • Ciliary Muscles
       • Muscles that control the shape of the lens behind the iris
   • Heat and Electricity
     • Conduction
       • Transfer of heat through collisions between particles
     • Convection
       • Transfer of heat through flow of particles
     • Radiation
       • A method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat