Knee

Knee

1. Quadriceps

   • vastus lateralis
     • extension of knee
     • femoral nerve L2-L4
   • vastus medialis
     • extension of knee
     • femoral nerve L2-L4
   • rectus femoris
     • extension of knee
     • femoral nerve L2-L4
   • vastus intermedius
     • extension of knees
     • femoral nerve L2-L4

2. Hamstrings

   • biceps femoris
     • flexion of the knee
     • lateral rotation of flexed leg
     • sciatic nerve, L5, S1-S2
   • semimembranosus
     • flexion of the knee
     • sciatic nerve L5, S1-S2
     • medial rotation of flexed leg, non-weight bearing
   • semitendinosus
     • flexion of the knee
     • Sciatic nerve L5, S1-S2
     • medial rotation of flexed leg, non weight bearing

3. other muscles that has action to the knee

   • Gracilis
     • Flexion and medial rotation of flexed leg(NWB)
     • Obturator nerve L2-L3
   • Gastrocnemius
     • flexion of the knee
     • tibial nerve S1-S2
   • Tensor fascia latae
     • Flexion of knee(TFL in 45 to 145 degrees flexion)
     • Extension of knee(TFL in 0-30 degrees of flexion)
   • Popliteus
     • Flexion, medial rotation of flexed leg(NWB), unlocks the knee
     • Tibial nerve L4-L5

4. Tibiofemoral joint

   • Open pack: 25 flexion
   • close pack: full extension and ER of tibia
   • capsular pattern: flexion and extension

5. ACL

   • attached to the medial side of lateral condyle of femur
   • direction: superiorly, posteriorly, laterally
   • prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur during OKC extension

6. PCL

   • attached to the lateral side of medial condyle
   • direction: superiorly, anteriorly, medially
   • prevents posterior roll of tibia on femur during OKC flexion

7. medial meniscus

   • attachments: ACL, MCL, Semimembranosus
   • C-shaped
   • palpation: Hooklying IR of tibia

8. Q-angle

   • 13-18 degrees
   • measurment: ASIS-mid patella, Tibial Tubercle