ANKLE & FOOT

ANKLE & FOOT

1. POST. MUSCLES SUPERFICIAL

   • GASTROCNEMIUS
     • plantar flexion, knee flexion
     • tibial nerve S1-s2
   • SOLEUS
     • plantar flexion
     • tibial nerve S1,S2
   • PLANTARIS
     • tibial nerve S1,S2
     • plantar flexion, knee flexion

2. POST. MUSCLES DEEP

   • Tibialis posterior
     • plantarflexion, inversion
     • tibial n. L4-L5
   • flexor digitorum longus
     • plantarflexion, inversion, toe flexion
     • tibial n. S2-S3
   • flexor hallucis longus
     • great toe flexion
     • tibial medial plantar branch
   • popliteus
     • knee flexion, unlocks knee joint
     • tibial, L4, L5-S1

3. LATERAL MUSCLES

   • PERONEUS LONGUS
     • plantarflexion, evertion
     • sup. peroneal n. L5, S1-S2
   • PERONEUS BREVIS
     • plantarflexion, evertion
     • sup. peroneal L5,S1-S2

4. ANT. MUSCLES

   • tibialis anterior
     • Dorsiflexion, inversion
     • deep peroneal nerve
   • ext. digitorum longus
     • dorsiflexion, eversion, toe extension
     • deep peroneal nerve L5,S1
   • ext. hallucis longus
     • dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension
     • deep peroneal n. L5, S1
   • peroneus tertius
     • deep peroneal nerve L5-S1
     • Dorsiflexion, eversion

5. joints

   • subtalar joint/talocalcaneal
     • open pack: Midway between extremes of range of motion
     • closed pack: supination
     • capsular: varus, valgus
     • motion: pronation and supination
   • talocrural joint
     • open: 10 degrees PF midway bet'n eversion and inversion
     • closed pack: maximum dorsiflexion
     • capsular: Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion
     • MOTION: dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
   • tibiofibular
     • open pack: Plantarflexion
     • close pack: Dorsiflexion
     • capsular: pain on stress

6. MEDIAL MALLEOLUS

   • deltoid ligament
   • tibialis posterior tendon
     • PALPATION: patient actively inverts and DF the foot, seen at the inferior of medial malleolus
   • flexor digitorum longus tendon
   • flexor hallucis longus tendon

7. lateral malleolus

   • ligaments
     • anterior talofibular ligament
       • special test: anterior drawer test
     • calcaneofibular ligament
       • talar tilt test
     • posterior talofibular ligament