Separating Substances

Separating Substances

1. Mixtures

   • What is a mixture
     • A mixture contains more than one substance. The substances are just mixed together, and not chemically combined. For example:
       • Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and small amounts of other gases
         • or
           • Shampoo is a mixture of several chemicals and water.

2. Solutions

   • What is a solution
     • When you mix sugar with water, the sugar seems to disappear. That is because its particles spread all through the water particles.
       • The sugar has dissolved in the water, giving a mixture called a solution. Sugar is the solute, and the water is the solvent:
         • Solute + Solvent = solution
           • You can't get the sugar out again by filtering

3. impure substances

   • what is a impure substance
     • A impure substance is when there are many other particles in the liquid such as: Tap Water is impure because it contains very small amounts of many different particles such as: Calcium ions and Chloride ions
       • pure substance
         • What is an pure substance?
           • A pure substance is when there aren't many other particles in the liquid such as: Distilled water is much more pure than tap water, but still not 100% pure. For example it may contain particles of gases, dissolved from the air.

4. paper chromatography

   • What is paper chromatography?
     • paper chromatography is a method of seperating substances
       • Paper chromatography depends on how the substances in a mixture interact with the chromatography paper and the solvent.
         • how you can use paper chromatography?
           • you can use paper chromatography to: identify a substance, separate mixtures of substances, purify a substance, by separating it from its impurities