Multi store model

Multi store model

1. ENVIRONMENTAL INPUT information received from the environment

   • SENSORY MEMORY
     • sense specific, 0.5 seconds and limited up to 1 sensation
     • Attention
     • SHORT TERM MEMORY
       • Acoustic, 15-30 seconds , up to 9 (7+-2) sensations
       • Rehearsal
       • LONG TERM MEMORY
         • Semantic, unlimited seconds, unlimited sensations
         • Retrieval
       • Recall
       • Rehearsal loop
         • If info is not rehearsed then it decays.

2. CREDIBILITY-

   • Miller 1957- research into magic number (7 +-2 ) STM has capacity of 9 but struggles to hold 9+
     • Info is held in chunks but loses accuracy
   • Glanzer & Cunitz (1966)- study into forgetting. Asked to recall list of words. They recalled more from start and end and fewer in middle.
     • This is primacy/ receny effect. Primacy words are rehearsed and encoded in LTM, recency words still in rehearsal loop, middle words displaced by recency words because of limited capacity of STM. This is displacement theory.
   • Atkinson & Shiffrin (2003)- Rehearsal loop worked by looping info over and over again. (Maintenance rehearsal)
   • Clive Wearing - damage to hippocampus
     • Could use STM to remember things for 20 second then would forget it as he couldn't process it to LTM.
     • HM- had brain surgery to curve his epilepsy. Hippocampus was damaged.
       • He had memories from before surgery, LTM was still present but he could not add to it.

3. CONTRADICTING

   • Working memory model
     • KF- Could still add to LTM even though STM was damaged

4. APPLICATION

   • How to improve memory in some situations. Need to pay close attention to encode info in STM.
   • Helping people with brain damage and dementia. If people struggle to remember things, then writing down things and labels will help.