BLOOD

BLOOD

1. Composition of Plasma

   • Water
   • Electrolytes
   • Albumin
   • Globulins alpha, beta and gamma
   • Fibrinogen
   • Fibrinogen
   • Nutrients (organic)
   • Respiratory gases
   • Hormones

2. FUNCTIONS

   • Delivering oxygen from lungs and nutrients
   • Transporting metabolic waste
   • Transporting hormones
   • Maintaining appropriate body temperature
   • Maintaining normal pH
   • Maintaining adequate fluid volume
   • Preventing blood loss.
   • Preventing infection.

3. Erythrocytes

   • Biconcave,
   • anucleate
   • salmon-colored
   • diameter 7–8 μm
   • 4–6 million
   • D: about 15 days LS: 100–120 days
   • Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

4. Leukocytes

   • helps protect the body : bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins, and tumor cells.
   • diapedesis
   • Spherical, nucleated cells
   • 4800–10,800

5. Granulocytes

   • Neutrophil
     • Multilobed nucleus; inconspicuous cytoplasmic granules; diameter 10–12 μm
     • 3000–7000
     • D: about 14 days LS: 6 hours to a few days
     • Phagocytize bacteria
   • Eosinophil
     • Bilobed nucleus; red cytoplasmic granules; diameter 10–14 μm
     • 100–400
     • D: about 14 days LS: about 5 days
     • Kill parasitic worms; complex role in allergy and asthma
   • Basophil
     • Bilobed nucleus; large purplish-black cytoplasmic granules; diameter 10–14 μm
     • D: 1–7 days LS: a few hours to a few days
     • Release histamine and other mediators of inflammation

6. Agranulocytes

   • Lymphocyte
     • Spherical or indented nucleus; pale blue cytoplasm; diameter 5–17 μm
     • D: days to weeks LS: hours to years
     • cell attack or via antibodies
   • Monocyte
     • U- or kidney-shaped nucleus; gray-blue cytoplasm; diameter 14–24 μm
     • 100–700
     • D: 2–3 days LS: months
     • Phagocytosis;

7. Platelets

   • Discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules; stain deep purple; diameter 2–4 μm
   • D: 4–5 days LS: 5–10 days
   • Seal small tears in blood vessels
   • blood clotting