Networks

Networks

1. Types Of Networks

   • Wide Area Network ( WAN )
     • A wide area network is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance.
   • Local Area Network ( LAN )
     • A local area network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area
   • Virtual Networks (VLAN)
     • Virtual Networks is a separation technique to separate one large network into smaller ones. For example, in a Bank, each department gets to have their own virtual network.
     • This also improves security and other people cannot see what files are stored in a different virtual network.

2. Encryption

   • Encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.

3. IP Addressing

   • Each website has a unique IP address. The DNS comes in and converts the alphabetical name for the correct IP address needed to go to that website.

4. DNS ( Domain Name System )

   • If DNS does not find the correct website, it gets transferred to another server to see if it can find it there. It may be because the server is in another country.

5. NIC ( Network Interface Card )

   • A network interface controller is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

6. Protocols

   • TCP/IP ( Transmission Control Protocol )
     • The TCP/IP Protocol is the Protocol of the Internet. Operates on the Transport Layer.
   • HTTP ( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol )
     • Application Protocol for distributing information on the Internet.
   • HTTPS ( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure )
     • A secure version of HTTP. An example is Banking websites. Operates on the Application Layer.
   • FTP ( File Transfer Protocol )
     • Network Protocol for transferring computer files, especially in client servers. Operates on the Application Layer.
   • SMTP ( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
     • POP ( Post Pffice Protocol
     • IMAP ( Internet Message Access Protocol
     • Internet standard protocol for email transmission. Uses POP and IMAP to download messages.

7. Cloud Storage

   • A type of data storage in which digital data is stored on a remote server, usually hosted by a specific company.
   • These remote servers can be located anywhere, and does not need any physical requirements other than the Internet to access the files stored.
   • Examples
     • Apple Dropbox
     • Microsoft OneDrive
     • Google Drive
   • Advantages
     • You can store up to many GB and TB without needing any physical storage devices.
     • You can use it as a backup storage. Usually done by smaller companies.
     • Cheap. Some are free up to a few GBs.
     • Easy to Access.
   • Disadvantages
     • Some are worried about handling sensitive files to companies.
     • WIthout an Internet connection, you cannot access it.
     • Nothing on the Internet is safe. Hackers could potentially steal the sensitive files away.