Foot

Foot

1. First layer

   • Abductor Hallucis
     • Medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • Abducts and flexes 1st digit
   • Flexor digitorum brevis
     • Medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • Flexes lateral four digits
   • Abductor digiti minimi brevis
     • Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • abducts and flexes little toe

2. Second layer

   • Lumbricals
     • Medial one: Medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
     • Lateral 3: Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
     • Flex proximal phalanges; esxtend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
   • Quadratus plantae
     • Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
   • Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon
   • Flexor Digitorum Longus tendon

3. Third layer

   • Adductor Hallucis
     • Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S@,S#)
       • traditionally adduct 1st digit; assist in transverse arch of foor by metatarsals medially
   • Flexor digitorum minimum brevis
     • Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit; thereby assisting with its flexion
   • Flexor hallucis brevis
     • Medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

4. Fourth layer

   • Palmar interossei
     • Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
   • Dorsal Interossei
     • Lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
       • Abduct- digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

5. Dorsum of the foot

   • Extensor digitorum brevis
     • Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
   • Extensor hallucis brevis
     • aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
   • Both innervated by the Deep fibular nerve (L5 or S1 or both)