OCR Gateway B1 Fitness and Health

OCR Gateway B1 Fitness and Health

1. Fitness is the ability to do physical activity. Healthy is being free from diseases

   • General fitness measured by cardiovascular efficiency.
     • Ways of measuring fitness:
       • Strength: amount of weights lifted
       • Flexibility: amount of joint movement
       • Stamina: How long you can do exercise
       • Ability: changing directions many times
       • Speed: sprint race

2. Blood Pressure

   • Measure in mmHg
     • Diastolic pressure (lowest num): heart relaxes
     • Systolic pressure (highest num): heart contacts
   • High blood pressure caused by: overweight, alcohol intake, stress, smoking
     • Decreased by regular exercise and balanced diet
     • High blood pressure bursts blood vessels
       • Damage caused to the brain (stroke), heart attack and kidneys
   • Low blood pressure: poor circulation of oxygen around the body
     • Body feels dizzy and end up fainting
   • Blood in arteries is under pressure due to:
     • Contraction of heart muscles, so that blood reaches all parts of the body
   • Smoking
     • Increases blood pressure:
       • Nicotine (in cigarette smoke)
         • Increases heart rate
       • Carbon Monoxide (in cigarette smoke)
         • Cause blood to carry less oxygen, which result in heart rate increase, tissues receive enough oxygen
           • OR blood carrying less oxygen combines with HAEMOGLOBIN stopping it from combining with oxygen, so less oxygen is carried

3. Diet and Heart disease

   • Increase the risk of heart disease:
     • Saturated fat---->build up of cholesterol (plaque) in arteries
       • Cholesterol build up indicates heart disease
       • Plaque narrows arteries---> reduce blood flow
         • Plaque make thrombosis (blood clots) ---> block arteries
     • High level salt --->increases blood pressure
     • Smoking and high blood pressure
   • Heart disease: caused by restricted blood flow to heart muscles