Electronic Structure (4.1.1.7)

Electronic Structure (4.1.1.7)

1. Atomic Makeup

   • Protons
     • Relative Mass = 1
     • Relative Charge = +1
     • Found in the Nucleus
   • Neutrons
     • Relative Mass = 1
     • Relative Charge = 0
     • Found in the Nucleus
   • Electrons
     • Relative Mass = 1/2000
     • Relative Charge = -1
     • Orbit the Nucleus in shells

2. Atomic Structure

   • Shells
     • Electrons in atoms occupy energy levels, also called electron shells, outside the nucleus.
     • Different shells can hold different maximum numbers of electrons. The electrons in an atom occupy the lowest available energy level first. This is the shell nearest the nucleus. When this shell is full the electrons begin to occupy the next energy level.
       • First Shell = Max 2 Electrons
       • Second Shell = Max 8 Electrons
       • Third Shell = Max 8 Electrons
   • Nucleus
     • Made up of protons and nutrons
     • The number of protons defines the type of element