CPSC 355 Mindmap

CPSC 355 Mindmap

1. Physical Components of a Computer

   • BUS Lanes
     • Set of parallel data/signal lines
     • Used to transfer information between computer components
     • Peripherals
       • Input
         • Mouse
         • Keyboard
         • Microphone
       • Output
         • Speakers
         • Monitor
     • Secondary Memory
       • Non-volatile read/write memory
       • SSD
       • HDD
     • Primary Memory (RAM)
       • Is used to store program instructions and program data (variables)
       • Volatile Memory (Data is gone when powered off)
       • Consists of a sequence of addressable memory locations
       • Harvard architecture: Separate memories for data and programs
       • von Neumann architecture: RAM contains data & programs
     • System Clock
     • CPU
       • 1. Executes Instructions 2. Controls Data Transfer across Bus
       • Usually contained on single microprocessor chip
       • Registers
         • Binary Storage Units within the CPU Data, addresses, Instructions, Status Information
         • Status Register (SR)
           • Contains flags about result of previous instruction e.g.) Overflow, Carry
         • Program Counter (PC)
           • Contains address in memory of the current executing instruction
           • Is incremented to execute next instruction
         • General Purpose Registers
           • Temporarily hold data & addresses
       • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
         • Performs arithmetic and logical operations on data stored in registers
       • Control Unit (CU)
         • - Directs execution of Instructions - Loads opcode from primary memory into the IR (Instruction register) - Decodes opcode to identify the operation - Transfers data between primary memory and registers - Directs ALU to operate on data in register

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