Population Basics_1

Population Basics_1

1. Demographic transition model (DTM) 5 stages of population development.

   • STAGE 1 Remote tribal groups. Low life expectancy. Tapers quickly = high death rate. Wide base = high birth rate
   • STAGE 2: early expanding E.d Somali, Angola. Life expectancy improving but not large numbers of elderly. Doesn't taper as quickly = falling death rate. Wide base = high birth rate
   • STAGE 3: late expanding E.g India. Higher life expectancy. People surviving infancy into adult hood as death rate low. Narrow base = low death rate.
   • STAGE 4: E.g UK, USA. High life expectancy. Many elderly. Narrow base = low death rate
   • STAGE 5: E.g Germany, France. Lots of elderly. Not many working pop. Low birth rate.
   • Between dashed lines = working pop. Rest (above and below lines) = dependent pop
     • Dependency ratio = dependent pop divide by working pop

2. High birth rate because...

   • No/lack of conteception
   • Poor education
   • Children = economic asset. (can bring in more than they are worth)
   • High infant mortality
   • Religion
   • Favouring of boys

3. Birth rate low because...

   • Education
   • Birth control/contreception
   • Women choosing careers
   • Marriage ade = later
   • low infant mortality
   • Many developed countries offer pension so don't need as many kids to look after them.

4. Death rate high because...

   • Disease
   • Few doctors/lack of medicines
   • Access to hospitals hard
   • Basic health care/poor sanitation
   • Poor diet/lack of food
   • War

5. Death rate low because...

   • Less disease
   • Shelter
   • More doctors
   • Clean water and food

6. Factors affecting population growth

   • Urbanisation
   • Agriculturel change
   • Education(especially for women)
   • Status of women
   • Medical - life expectancy
   • Political
   • Aggie Urinates Everywhere So Mia Poo's

7. Birth rate = number of births per 1000 of pop per year

   • Death rate = number of deaths per 1000 of pop per year
   • Population growth = balance of b rate and d rate

8. Birth rate > Death rate = natural increase.

   • Death rate > Birth rate = natural decrease.
     • Birth rate same as death rate = no change.

9. Sustainable pop = growth and development at a rate that does not threaten future generations.

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