Chapter 14: Ancient Mediterranean Worlds

Chapter 14: Ancient Mediterranean Worlds

1. The oldest Art

   • Arouse of ancient civilizations around the Mediterranean Sea
     • Paleolithic Period
       • Cave Paintings
         • Farming
       • Ancient Sculptures
         • Female figure from Wilendrof
     • Neolithic Age
       • Farming
       • Domestication of animals
       • Improving the standard of living
       • Rock paintings
         • Women and Cattle at Tassili n'Ajjer
     • Preservation of art
       • Artists worked in durable materials
         • Stone
         • Metal
         • Fired clay
       • The local environment was not destructive to artworks
       • Highly organized cultures
       • Tradition of kepping artworks in places of limited or no accessibility
       • Rivers inspired development
         • Examples
           • Egypt - Nile
           • Mesopotamia - Trigis and Euphrates
         • Trasportation
         • Source of water
         • Commerce

2. Mesopotamia

   • Geography
     • Fertile soil
     • Tigris and Euphrates rivers
     • Lack of natural boundaries
   • Culture
     • Writing system - Cuneiform (Wdge-sheped)
     • Sumerian cities
       • Load-bearing construction technique
         • Ziggurat
       • Places dedicated to gods
       • Style of art
         • Queen's lyre
         • Stele of King Naram-Sin
         • Human-headed winged lion
         • Lion hunt
         • Ishtar Gate from Babylon
   • History of warfare and conquest
     • 2300 B.C.E. - Sumerian city-states conquered by the Akkadians
     • 1830 B.C.E. stable and long-lived empire by the Amorities
       • Legal legacy
     • Babylonians - 7th century B.C.E

3. Egypt

   • Style of art
     • Continuity
       • Time reaching back into history and forward into the future
       • Sphinx symbol
         • Stability
         • Order
         • Endurance
         • Reflect the goals of Egyptian art
           • Common people
           • Egyptian rules
           • Funeral Temples
             • Large kneeling statue of Queen Hatshepsut
     • Palette of Narmer
       • A unique way to draw the human body
       • Body to the best advantage - idealization
     • Painting
       • Works in stone
       • Hierarchy of scale - Most important person in scene
         • Tomb of Nebamun
       • Representation of earthly leisure
   • Afterlife
     • Papyrus scrolls
     • The dead interacting with gods
       • Book of the Dead of Hunefer
     • Royal tombs
       • Gold burial masks
       • Rulers sent to eternity outfitted with everything they would need to continue life
         • Furniture
         • Jewerly
         • Clothing
         • Artifacts
         • Gold
   • Hystory
     • The reign of pharaoh Amenhotep IV
       • Revolution of culture
       • Monotheism (belief in one god)
       • Construction of the Tell el-Amarna
       • Influence in art (Portrayals)
         • Relaxed
         • Naturalistic
         • Intimate
         • Sunken Relief
           • Outlines carved deep into the surface
           • Akhenaten and His Family

4. The Aegean

   • Arm of the Mediterranean Sea
     • Major Cultures and Art
       • The Cycladic
         • Based on the small islands in the Aegean
           • Nude female figures
             • Simplified
             • Abstract
             • Geometric
             • Found in burrial settings
       • The Minoan
         • Based on the island of Crete
           • King Minos
             • Minotaur son
             • Post-and-lintel construction
               • Palace at Knossos
                 • Frescoes
                   • Pictures
                     • Landscapes
                     • Sea life
                     • People spirit
       • The Mycenaean
         • Mainland of Greece
           • Construction
             • Palaces
             • Temples
           • Burial Customs
             • Tombs
             • Egyptian legacy
             • Supplies of gold
             • Craftsmanship

5. The Classical World: Greece and Rome

   • Enormous influence on later civilizations
     • Greece
       • Sculpture
         • Bronze figures
         • Kouros
         • Figures in stone
           • Offerings in sanctuaries to Gods
         • Characteristics
           • Nudes as a positive statement
           • Young
           • Idealized
           • Fit bodies
       • Pottery
         • Hirschfled Workshop - Krater
         • Funerals
       • Archaic period
         • Abstract
           • Body
           • Face
         • Naturalism
           • Statues
             • Lifelike aspect
               • Contrapposto
                 • "Warrior A"
             • Gods
             • Pottery
               • Andokides and the "Andokides Painter"
       • Classical Period
         • Riace warriors
         • Independent city-states
           • Reconstruction of the Acropolis, Athens
           • Parthenon, Athens
             • Entasis
       • Hellenistic Period and Styles
         • Overthrown of classical values
           • Sculpture
             • Females nudes
             • Ideal female beauty
             • Aphrodite of Melos
             • Dynamic poses and extreme emotions
               • Lacoon Group
             • Realistic portrayals
     • Rome
       • Hellenistic Period
         • Realism
           • Funerary Portrait of Gratidia M. L. Chrite and M. Gratidius Libanus
           • Symbol of Roman citizenship
         • Painting
           • Wall painting, from Villa of the Mysteries
           • Houses decorated with Mosaics
         • Architecture and Engineering
           • Colosseum Rome
           • Pantheon
         • Egiptian-Greek ancestry
           • Statues
           • Worshipping

Imagens e arquivos do mapa