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Understanding Grammar (Verbs)

Samuel Antonio BARRETO PINZON Espanhol

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Samuel Antonio Barreto Pinzón ID:745280
The Heart of Communication
- Books spend much space in verbs
  - Because are very complicated
    - Morphologically
      - With some differents constructions to express
        Tense
        Mood
        Number
        Person
    - Syntactically
      - The verbs are usually the heart of the sentence
        So for example: Falcao Monaco
        If we don't know what is the verb we won't know what is exactly the meaning
        Falcao played in Monaco 7 years ago
        You already know what is exactly the meaning of the sentence because there is a verb
  - Verbs are hardest of all linguistic concept to define
    - Starting Point
      - So for this reason the definition can't devised wich will have the meaning to anyone who doesn't already know
        For the beginners is better show them to they know the meaning of the verbs
        For example
        If someone ask us what a car is, we aren't going to give a complex meaning. Is more easy show some cars and this person is going to know what is this seeing it
    - The basis on which other definitions
    - The person who can recognize verbs can learn anything about grammar
Finite Verbs and Nonfinite Verbs
- Finite Verbs
  - Verbs which can make a statement about a subject
    - Santiago died
    - Cesar retired
    - This definition isn't enterly accurate
      - Many verbs don't in themselves make statements
        For Example: Is,seems,becomes
  - Were called in fact
    - The expression of person
    - The number of person
      - Limits the application of the verb
- Nonfinite Verbs
  - Verbs that cannot in itself make a statement
    - Santiago dying
    - Cesar to retire
    - Four Varieties
      - Present Participles
      - Past Participles
      - Gerunds
      - Infinitives
      - Some think that these shouldn't be called verbs at all
        It should be considerate a part of speech
Predicating Verbs and Linking Verbs
- Sometimes the predication is accomplished
  - Wholly
    - By the verb
      - For Example
        I sing
        I sing Rock
        I sing Rock with my band
        The verb "Sing" is a predicating verb
        But sometimes it isn't a verb
        And could be
        Substantive
        Modifier
        For Example
        I am Rocker
        For accomplishing the prediction
  - Chiefly
- Predicating Verbs
- Finite Verbs
  - Are devided into three groups
    - Transitive Verbs
    - Intransitive Verbs
    - Linking Verbs
      - Obvious Notional
        Falls between linking verbs and non-linking verbs
        Sometimes is transitive and sometimes not
        The reluctance to adopt a twofold
        Is difficult to find a suitable term
        For non-linking verbs
      - Functional Line
      - Predicating isn't very good
        Because even in I am rocker
        The verb "AM" is a part of predication
        though its a small part
Linking Verbs
- We need equate something with something else
  - Consist of two terms of joining them together
    - The prehistoric Time
      - The way of joining the two terms
        Put them side by side
        The Russian Language
        Still employ this method
        He teacher
        You coward
        Modern English
        Preserves the construction
        In certain verbless expressions
        Nasty weather
        Manuel in prision
        A likely story
        The Indo-European Languages
        Developed the verb be
        Which have prime function the joining of the two terms of the proposition
        The weather is nasty
        Manuel is in prision
        The story is likely
        Originally the verb be was a predicating verb
        I think therefore I am
        He is home
        Other Predicating Verbs
        The weather seems nasty
        The weather became nasty
        The weather turned nasty
        The weather continued nasty
        The difficulties loomed large
        The development from predicating to linking function
        Has taken place in historic times
        Most verbs also could be predicating verbs
        Linking Verbs
        Shelia became angry
        The pie tested foul
        Predicating Verbs
        Pipkin grows trees
        He tasted it carefully
        His love grew cold
        The pie tested foul
        Don't feel bad
        The cow rain dry
        Hurry
        Get well
        The most often used
        Linking Verb
        It was a great advantage over the older construction
        It permits distinctions in time and mood
        The weather was nasty
        The weather will be nasty
        The weather may be nasty
        It has permited the language
        More precise
        More sophisticated
        Be is the most common verb
        Modern English
- Or say that something has the quality of something else
- Copulative Verb
  - Is a latin version of linking
    - There is no agreement about what call
      - Substantive
        The linking verb links to the subject
      - Modifier
- Subjective Complement
  - Is a complement that completes the meaning of clause
    - Suggest the prime function of the construction
      - May be
        Noun
        Pronoun
        Adjective
        Phrase
        Clause
  - Is subjective because it renamesor describes the subject
Predicating Verbs-Transitivity
- The word transitive evolves
  - Means to go across
  - The methaphor
    - When we use a transitive verb
      - Action passes
        From the subject across the verb
        To an object of verb
      - Transitive Verbs
        Verbs that require objects
        Complete their meaning
        This is misleading
        Transitivity resides
        The form of the verb
        The form associated meaning
        "Eat" in the sentence "Let's eat" is transitive
        Though it has no object
        Because one cannot eat
        Without eating something
        If we define transitive verbs
        As verbs that have objects
        And instrasitive verbs as verbs that do not
        If recognized the same form
        Transitive in one context
        Intransitive in another context
        We shall avoid some confusions
      - In a earlier period
        It was customary make
        Transitive Verbs
        Altering the form
        Is called the causative of the intransitive
        On all levels of usage except vulgate
        This kept strictly apart
        Is due a lack of education
        To use transitive from intransitively
        Stanley laid Edgar gently on the couch
        Intransitive Verbs
        Edgar lay on the couch
      - Modern English express
        The causative simply
        By giving the intransitive from an object
        Intransitive
        The motor raced
        Transitive
        He raced the motor
- Intransitive Verbs
  - The action terminates with the verb
  - Don't require objects to complete their meaning
  - Verb modified
    - By a prepositional phrase
      - May be made transitive
        If the object of the preposition
        Is made object of the verb
        Intransitive
        Maria finished in Pipsmither's Creek
        Transitive
        Maria finished Pipsmither's Creek
        When the action of a transitive verb
        Returns to the subject
        We use a reflexive pronoun as object
        I cut myself
        He killed himself
        Transitive
        Intransitive
        He shaved
        She stopped
        The prefix
        Some words with prefix are always transitive
        He bestirred himself
        He bethought himself
- Some verbs become transitive
  - Taking cognate objects
    - Intransitive: She is sleeping
      - Change Transitive
        She is sleeping a peaceful sleep
Auxiliary Verbs
- A syntetic Language is one that tends
  - Express complex ideas in single words by means
    - Affixes
    - Inflectional Endigns
- Analytic Language
  - Is one that tends to express complex ideas
    - By breaking them into several words
    - The tendency Of English
      - To be analytic
        Is seen throughout grammar
        The phenomenon is most remarkable in the verb
        Is accomplished in English By the abundant use
        Pronouns
        Advervs
        Auxiliary or helping verbs
        A combination between
        Auxiliary Verbs
        Verb Phrase
        The principal verb that carries the meaning
        Meaningless except as they indicate
        The tense
        The Principal Verbs
        In the sentence "He is crying"
        The verbal idea resides
        In the word crying
        It serves only to show that the action is in the present
        Are historically
        Present Participles
        She is crying
        Past Participles
        He was discovered
        Infinitives
        It will rain
        The voice
        The mood
        Function like the inflectional endings
        Synthetic Languages
        Is the only part of the verb phrase
        Can be inflected to show
        Number
        Person
        I am crying He is crying They are crying
        Principal Verb

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Descrição: Mind Map about Understanding Grammar (Verbs) Created by: Samuel Antonio Barreto P. ID:745280
Criado por: Samuel Antonio BARRETO PINZON
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Understanding Grammar (Verbs)

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