Goal setting and Decision making.

Goal setting and Decision making.

1. Decision: Choice made from available alternative.

   • Decision making: Identifying problem/ opportunities and resolving. Analysis, Choice, Commitment, Monitoring.
     • Programmed decision: Reoccurring/ Decision rules.
     • Non-Programmed decision: Response to a unique situation. Important consequences for organisation.
     • Decision making process: Recognition, Analysis, Alternatives, Selection, Implementation, Evaluation.
     • Decision making context: Clear goal, Full information, Future known,
     • Models.
       • Classical: Rational/ Scientific. Realise potential. Productivity leads to profit/ benefit.
       • Administrative: Usual way of making decisions. Descriptive. Based on experience.
       • Political: Sometimes made. Conflicting goals. Coalition needed.
     • Rational decision making: Emphasising Ends and Means is vital.

2. Goal: Desired future state/ The ends.

   • Goals:
     • Mission/ Strategic: Top manament/ Long term goals of organisations future.
     • Tactical: Middle Management/ Division level. Plans/Goals at sub-unit level. Process towards strategic goals.
     • Operational: Specific/ Measurable. Support tactical plans/ goals which leads to strategic plans/ goals. Short term.

3. Plan: A blue print. A resource allocation, Schedules etc. The Means.

   • Planning: Defining goals for future performance. Deciding on tasks and resources.
   • Plans:
     • Contingency: Situational responses/ identify uncontrollable factors.
     • Scenario: Visualising future possibilities. Mentally rehearsing.
   • Mangement involves constant decision making/ planning.