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Products From Oil
- Fractions
- Cracking: Breaking down of a long chain hydrocarbon into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons
- This is done by Heating the
hydrocarbon until it vaporises then
passing it over a heated catalyst
- There is higher demand for shorter hydrocarbons
- The products of cracking are a Short
Chain Alkane (fuel) and a Short Chain
Alkene (for polymers)
- This is done by Heating the
hydrocarbon until it vaporises then
passing it over a heated catalyst
- Cracking: Breaking down of a long chain hydrocarbon into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons
- Polymerisation
- Alkenes & Alkanes
- When added to
bromine: Alkanes
have no change,
Alkenes
decolourise
- This is because Alkanes are saturated
- This is because Alkanes are saturated
- Ethanol can be produced in two main ways:
- Fermentation: Sugar is left to ferment,
with a yeast catalyst, to produce
Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol. (The product is impure)
- Industrial Production: React ethene with steam
- Ethene + Water > Ethanol
- Ethene + Water > Ethanol
- Ethanol: C(2)H(5)OH
- Fermentation: Sugar is left to ferment,
with a yeast catalyst, to produce
Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol. (The product is impure)
- Alkenes are the starting materials for polymers
- When added to
bromine: Alkanes
have no change,
Alkenes
decolourise
- Polymerisation: Many small, identical
Alkenes (monomers) are joined together to
form a long chain Alkane (polymer)
- Plastics can be distinguished into
two groups
- Thermosetting plastics
- only soften once
- chains are fixed in position by the strong
bonds between them (cross-linkages)
- When heated, strong bonds are formed between the chains which prevent them from being melted again.
- chains are fixed in position by the strong
bonds between them (cross-linkages)
- e.g. Bakelite
- only soften once
- Thermosoftening plastics
- soften easily and can be remoulded if heated
- weak forces of attraction between the polymer chains
- strong forces of attraction within each chain
- e.g. Polyethene
- soften easily and can be remoulded if heated
- Thermosetting plastics
- Uses an Problems of Plastics
- Suitable for storing
food because they
are unreactive
- Difficult to dispose of
- do not biodegrade easily
- litter goes to landfill
- Cornstarch can be added
to plastics to make them
break down faster
- do not biodegrade easily
- Polymers can be recycled
- reduces amount going to landfill
- different polymers must be seperated
- reduces amount going to landfill
- Polymers can be recycled
- emits harmful gasses into the environment
- emits harmful gasses into the environment
- Suitable for storing
food because they
are unreactive
- Alkenes & Alkanes
Anexos de mídia
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