SPEAKING

SPEAKING

1. What is speaking?

   • Interactive process of constructing meaning
     • by
       • Producing
       • Receiving
       • Processing
         • Information
   • Form and meaning depends of :
     • Participants
       • Their colective experiences
     • Physical environment
     • Purposes of speaking

2. Components of speaking effectiveness

   • The communicative competence includes
     • Grammatical Competence
       • Includes increasing expertise in:
         • Grammar
           • Morphology
           • Syntaxis
         • Vocabulary
         • Mechanics
           • Pronunciation
           • Intonation
           • Stress
           • Basic sounds of
             • Letters
             • Syllabes
       • Enable speaker to:
         • Use
           • English language structures
         • Understand
           • English language structures
             • Unhesitatingly
             • Accurately
     • Discourse competence
       • Corcerned with
         • Intersentential relationships
       • Formal or informal applies
         • rules of
           • cohesion
           • coherence
       • Effective speaker should adquire:
         • Structures discourser markers to express ideas
         • Show relationships of time to indicate
           • cause
           • contrast
           • emphasis
     • Sociolinguistic competence
       • Learners must have competence which
         • which involves knowing what is expected
           • Socially
           • Culturally
         • Also is important acquire
           • rules
             • to governing the appropriate
               • timing
               • realization
                 • of speech acts
           • norms
     • Strategic competence
       • it is the way learners manipulate the language to
         • meet communicative goals
       • Abilities:
         • How to take the floor
         • How to keep a conversation going
         • How to terminate the conversation
         • How to clear up communication
           • Breakdown
           • Comprehension problems
   • Language profiency
     • Levels of abilities and domains

3. References:

4. Richards, C. & Renandya, w. (2012). Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice. (pp. 206-208). Cambridge University Press.

   • Florez, M. (1999). What speaking is. URL: https://www.cal.org/caela/esl_resources/digests/Speak.html

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