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REPORTED SPEECH

Shayr Andrade Inglês

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REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTING VERBS
- the reporting verbs (or story verbs) are located in the introduction clause and introduce the related clause.
  - Using the verbs 'say', 'tell' and 'ask'. However, we can also use many other verbs to report what someone said, like 'promise', 'warn', 'advise' and 'recommend'.
    - Some of these verbs look a bit more complicated to use than 'say' and 'tell', but it's just a question of getting to know the verb patterns (or verb structures).
      - SAY
        structure
        say + (that) + clause
        Example
        She said (that) she had already eaten.
      - TELL
        structure
        tell + someone + (that) + clause
        Example
        I told John (that) I had seen the new film.
        tell + someone + to + infinitive
        Example
        She told the children to go to bed.
      - ASK
        structure
        ask + someone + if / question word + clause
        Example
        I asked my boss if I could leave early.
        ask + someone + to + infinitive
        Example
        I asked Lucy to pass me the salt.
      - ADVISE
        structure
        Advise + someone + to + infinitive
        Example
        She advised him to see a doctor.
        structure
        Advise + (that) + clause
        Example
        The staff advise that you carry water at all times.
        structure
        Advise + against + verb-ing
        Example
        I'd advise against leaving early.
      - AGREE
        Structure
        Agree + to + infinitive
        Example
        We agreed to meet the following day.
        Structure
        Agree + (that) + clause
        Example
        I agreed that the children could do their homework later.
      - APOLOGISE
        Structure
        Apologise + (to + someone) + for + verb-ing
        Example
        They apologised to us for being late.
        Structure
        Apologise (+ to + someone) + for + noun
        Example
        She apologised for the delay.
      - DECIDE
        Structure
        Decide + to + infinitive
        Example
        They decided to go to the cinema.
        Structure
        Decide + (that) + clause
        Example
        They decided that they would go to the cinema.
      - EXPLAIN
        Structure
        Explain + (that) + clause
        Example
        The teacher explained that the course was finished.
        Structure
        Explain + noun + to + someone
        Example
        She explained the grammar to the students.
        Structure
        Explain + question word + to + infinitive
        Example
        They explained how to buy a train ticket on the internet.
        Structure
        Explain + question word + clause
        Example
        We explained what the exams would cover.
      - ENCOURAGE
        Structure
        Encourage + someone + to + infinitive
        Example
        She encouraged him to take the exam again.
      - INSIST
        Structure
        Insist + on + verb-ing
        Example
        He insisted on paying.
        Structure
        Insist + (that) + clause
        Example
        He insisted that we sit down.
      - SUGGEST
        Structure
        Suggest + verb-ing
        Example
        I suggest leaving soon.
        Structure
        Suggest + (that) + clause
        Example
        I suggest that you come as soon as you can.
      - REMIND
        Structure
        Remind + someone + (that) + clause
        Example
        They reminded me that there is a party tonight.
        Structure
        Remind + someone + to + infinitive
        Example
        She reminded him to take his keys.
      - RECOMMEND
        Structure
        Recommend + verb-ing
        Example
        I recommend visiting the British Museum while you're in London.
        Structure
        Recommend + (that) + clause
        Example
        I recommend that you visit the British Museum
      - WARN
        Structure
        Warn + someone + (not) + to + infinitive
        Example
        I warned them not to go in the water.
        Structure
        Warn + someone + about + something
        Example
        She warned us about the dangerous roads.
      - PROMISE
        Structure
        Promise + to + infinitive
        Example
        He promised to arrive early.
        Structure
        Promise + (someone) + (that) + clause
        Example
        I promised him that I wouldn't do it again.
REPORTED QUESTIONS
- After we report a question, it is no longer a question (and in writing there is no question mark). The word order is like that of a normal statement (subject-verb-object)
  - Where is the Post Office, please?
    - She asked me where the Post Office was.
  - What are you doing?
    - She asked me what I was doing.
  - Who was that fantastic man?
    - She asked me who that fantastic man had been.
  - Are you living here?
    - She asked me if I was living here.
  - Do you love me?
    - He asked me if I loved him.
  - Have you ever been to Mexico?
    - She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico
REPORTED COMMANDS AND REQUESTS
- TIME EXPRESSIONS
  - now
    - the day before yesterday / the day before /
  - today
    - yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
  - yesterday
    - the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
  - last night
    - the night before, Thursday night
- DIRECT ORDER REPORTED ORDER
  - Go to bed!
    - He told the child to go to bed
  - Don't worry!
    - He told her not to worry.
  - Be on time!
    - He told me to be on time.
  - Don't smoke!
    - He told us not to smoke.
- All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive'
  - Please help me.
    - She asked me to help her.
  - Please don't smoke.
    - She asked me not to smoke.
  - She asked me not to smoke.
    - She asked me to bring her book that night.
  - Could you pass the milk, please?
    - She asked me to pass the milk.
  - Would you mind coming early tomorrow?
    - She asked me to come early the next day.
REPORTED STATEMENTS
- When we want to report exactly what another person has said, we use the direct style. With this style, what the person has said is placed in quotation marks ("...") and must be word by word.
  - present simple
    - She said (that) she liked ice cream.
  - present continuous
    - She said (that) she was living in London.
  - past simple
    - She said (that) she had bought a car
  - past continuous
    - She said (that) she had been walking along
  - present perfect
    - She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie
  - past perfect
    - She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
  - will
    - She said (that) she would see me later.
  - would
    - She said (that) she would help but...
  - can
    - She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
  - could
    - She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
REFERENCES: https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reporting-verbs.html https://www.mindmeister.com/es/1255349161/reported-speechhttps://www.eltbase.com/notes-59-reporting-verbs https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reporting-verbs.html https://kseacademy.com/reporting-verbs/ https://diloeninglesonline.com/verbos-en-ingles/que-son-los-reporting-verbs-direct-y-reported-speech/ https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/reporeted-speech-and-reporting-verbs

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Descrição: Mapa Mental sobre REPORTED SPEECH, criado por Shayr Andrade em 01-12-2021.
Criado por: Shayr Andrade
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REPORTED SPEECH

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