Chapter 1

Chapter 1

1. Representation Methods

   • Text
     • Clear and has lots of detail
     • Not multilingual/need to be able to read
   • Graphics
     • Multilingual
     • Confusing symbols
   • Sound
     • No fixed sight
     • Usually language based
   • Moving pictures
     • Lots of info conveyed
     • Linear- need to see it from the beginning
   • LED
     • can be seen at a distance
     • Need electricity

2. Data types

   • Boolean
     • Yes/No
   • Real
     • £1.75
   • Integer
     • 45
   • Text/String
     • Darren/B17 4BH
   • Date/Time
     • 12:44:31/ 1995

3. Sources of data

   • Direct data: original source/ collected by you
     • Source is verified/ is the exact data required
     • May not have a large range
   • Indirect Data:collected by companies or organisations used for a different purpose or use
     • Large range/ really quickly available
     • May be bias/ may have costs

4. Static and Dynamic Sources

   • Once the data is collected,created and produced it cannot be changed
     • Books/CD ROMs
   • data can be changed and updated regularly
     • Websites

5. Quality Of Information

   • Accuracy
     • Need to be the correct information in order for the reader to use it
   • Relevance
     • Need to be related to the topic otherwise it is pointless
   • Age
     • Need to be up to date otherwise the info is useless
   • Completeness
     • All information must be present in order for the info to make sense
   • Presentation
     • Layout needs to be clear so you can understand it and find out what you need
   • Level of Detail
     • Too much imfornation is and overload and can put people off reading the info. Too little means that there may not be enough to make a decision

6. Encoding

   • Applies a set of rules to the data in order to convert it to another format. E.g: Monday: Mon, Pink: Pk
     • Losing Precision, Value judgement cant be used, knowledge of codes is needed, limited number of codes, can be really diffcult to track errors in codes
     • Less memory taken up because the codes are smaller, The security is higher because not everyone knows the codes,
       • Speed of input is faster because there is less to type, Data validation can be done because of the coding
         • And there is less so organisation is quicker and easier

7. Backing up and archiving

   • Backing up: keeping one copy of the current data and another in an external drive like CD-ROM
   • Archiving: where you move the original file to a storage place that doesnt need immediate requirement
     • Procedure: 1. Copy-the file. 2.Verify- the copied file. 3.Delete- the original file

8. Validation and Verification

   • Verification
     • Double entry: entering the data twice so that you know you have typed it correctily
       • Manual Verification: Proof reading: reading the data entered compared to the original file and looking for mistakes (can be missed because of fatigue)
         • Or the mistake can be made twice without them knowing it's wrong.
   • Validation
     • Range, Type, Presence, Length, Picture, Check Digit

9. Type of Error

   • Transcription: When you write in the wrong letter or number within a set of numbers or words
   • Transposition: where you write the right thing but in a different order
   • Input: When you enter the wrong data completely
   • Processing: when calculating the answer, it comes up with the wrong result
   • Transmission: When there is a problem with sending the data, or during sending the data

10. D,I,K,P

    • Data: raw facts and figures with no meaning: ???4H1
    • Structure: How the date is presented, should the data be organised in any way: £NN/NN
    • Context: a place where prior knowledge and understanding can make sense of the data
    • Knowledge: the application of the information to a situation
    • Meaning: data in the correct structure and placed within context

11. Cost of producing information

    • Hardware
      • Buying hardware, training, repairs +maintenance, upgrades
    • Software
      • Cost of license and software itself, training, repairs + upgrades
    • Consumables
      • Paper, Ink, TOner
    • Personnel
      • Salaries, Long term employments, training, cheeking accuray

12. I,P,O,S,F

    • Image
      • [Image: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=input+process+output&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=C-dlUZfMA8qi0QWQuYE4&biw=1366&bih=638&sei=DedlUdm5NofV0QWGt4CYDQ]