Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons

1. Alkenes

   • Unsaturated - Double bond
     • Can make addition reactions
       • Addition
         • Alkenes
         • Polymer : -(CH2-CH2)- n
         • Monomer : n(CH2=CH2)
   • General Formula - C(n)H(2n)
   • no Methene Ethene Propene Butene Pentene Hexene
   • Decolourises bromine water
   • Polyethene Polychloroethene Polypropene
     • Bags & Bottles
     • Fake Leather
     • Crates & Ropes
     • Polymerisation
       • Condensation
         • 2 monomers join
           • release H2O or HCl
         • 1,6 - diaminohexane hexanediomic acid
           • NYLON
             • made by - dicarboxylic acid + diamine
               • creates Amide or Peptide link
                 • -(CO-NH)- +H2O

2. Carboxilic Acids

   • Ethanoic acid (Vinegar)
   • COOH
   • C(n-1)H(2n-1)COOH

3. Alcohols

   • Methanol Ethanol etc.
     • Direct Hydration
       • Steam & Ethene
       • C2H4 + H2O --> C2H5OH
       • - Phosphoric Acid - 300'C - 7atm pressure
     • Fermentation
       • 36'C - anaerobic
       • Yeast & Glucose
       • C6H12O6 --> 2(C2H5OH) + 2(CO2)
   • General Formula - C(n)H(2n+1)OH
   • 'OH'

4. Alkanes

   • Doesn't decolourise bromine water
   • Complete combustion = CO2 + H2O
   • Incomplete combustion = CO + H2O
   • Saturated - cannot make addition reactions
   • General Formula - C(n) H(2n+2)
   • Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane

5. Homologous Series

   • Same chemical properties Same functional group Same general formula Trend in physical properties Neighbouring members differ by CH2