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Description
Flashcards by Rebecca O Toole, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Rebecca O Toole
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| HYDROCARBONS | compounds with hydrogen and carbon only |
| HOMOLOGOUS SERIES | a group of compounds that contain the same functional group and each successive member differs by CH 2 |
| FUNCTIONAL GROUP | a group of atoms on which the characteristic properties of a homologous series depends |
| ISOMERS | compounds with the same molecular formula but differ in structure |
| Saturated compounds | contain all single bonds C-C |
| UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS | contain double or triple bonds c=c or C≡C |
| ADDITION REACTIONS | involve unsaturated compounds |
| SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS | involve saturated compounds |
| ELIMINATION REACTION | a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule to leave a double bond in the larger molecule, water is also lost |
| CONDENSATION REACTION | two molecules combine to form a larger molecule and water |
| RECRYSTALLISATION | a process used to separate a solid from a solid impurities by dissolving in a minimum amount of hot solvent |
| REFLUX | allows the reaction to be boiled without losing any volatile material |
| AROMATIC COMPOUNDS | molecules that contain a benzene ring in their structure |
| ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS | straight or branched chained molecules or molecules that contain ring structures, other than a benzene ring |
| POLYMERISATION | when small molecules(monomers) are joined together to make large molecules(polymers) |
| FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION | a mixture of different liquids are separated into different components depending on their boiling points |
| LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION | a technique used to separate two immiscible liquids using a solvent in which one of the liquids has a higher solubility than the other. |
| CATALYTIC CRACKING | the breaking down of long chained molecules into many smaller molecules |
| AUTO-IGNITION | the early explosion of the petrol/air mixture due to compression of the piston rather than by a spark |
| KNOCKING | the noise/vibration produced in an engine as a result of auto-ignition |
| OCTANE NUMBER | the measure of tendency of the fuel to resist auto-ignition |
| OXYGENATES | any fuel that contains oxygen in its molecule e.g. ethanol |
| REFORMING DEHYDROCYCLISATION | the use of catalysts to form aromatic compounds a cyclic compound and hydrogen is produced as a by-product |
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