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47930
Heart Disease
Descrição
Biology (EMPA) Mapa Mental sobre Heart Disease, criado por Peter Nelson em 16-04-2013.
Sem etiquetas
biology
empa
biology
empa
Mapa Mental por
Peter Nelson
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Peter Nelson
aproximadamente 11 anos atrás
75
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Resumo de Recurso
Heart Disease
Atherosclerosis
lumen of artery is narrowed due to buildup of chlolesterol & fatty acid deposits below the endothelium of the artery.
reduces blood flow to heart muscle cells beyond point of atheroma formation
Partial blockage leads to heart muscle cells being deprived of sufficient oxygen during exercise.
The cells then begin to respire anaerobically, producing lactic acid which causes painful angina.
If the blood vessel is blocked completely the cells get no oxygen and begin to die, causing myocardial infaction (heart attack)
muscle fibres and calcium salts accumulate forming hard uneven patches called plaque.
Usually occurs after damage to the artery eg. Hypertension, Bacterial Toxins etc.
Thrombosis
The plaque may rupture and trigger blood clotting in the damaged area, which builds up rapidly, further blocking the artery.
known as a thrombus.
can break up and travel elsewhere in the bloodstream, potentially leading to other problems such as a stroke.
Aneurysm
When the artery becomes blocked, blood flow throught the area is restricted. Pressure then builds on in front and pushes on the artery wall.
this pressure causes the artery wall to weaken and start to bulge outward. This is known as an aneurysm.
Vessel may rupture causing internal bleeding.
Risk Factors
Gender
men at higher risk than women up to menopause due to effect of oestrogen
genetic factors
Smoking
nicotine is a vaso-constrictor which increases blood pressure therefore causing damage to endothelium
smoking increases cholestrol levels.
Chemicals in cigarettes lead to increased chance of thrombosis.
High Blood Pressure
Damages endothelium
High Conc. of LDL in blood.
linked to excess saturated fat in diet.
made in liver from fats, cholestrol and protein
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