Population

Population

1. Population growth

   • Stage 1
     • Birth rate: High and fluctuating
     • Death rate: High and fluctuating
     • Population growth rate: Zero
     • Population size: Low and steady
     • LEDCs
   • Stage 2
     • Birth rate: High and steady
     • Death rate: Rapidly falling
     • Population growth rate: Very high
     • Population size: Rapidly increasing
     • LEDCs
   • Stage 3
     • Birth rate: Rapidly falling
     • Death rate: Slowly falling
     • Population growth rate: High
     • Population size: Increasing
   • Stage 4
     • Birth rate: Low and fluctuating
     • Death rate: Low and fluctuating
     • Population growth size: Zero
     • Population size: High and steady
     • MEDCs
   • Stage 5
     • Birth rate: Slowly falling
     • Death rate: Low and fluctuating
     • Population growth rate: Negative
     • Population size: slowly falling
     • MEDCs

2. Rapid Growth

   • Impacts
     • Social
       • Healthcare and education can't cope with rapid increase- not everyone has access to them
       • Children have to work to support larger families- miss out in education
       • Not enough housing- lots in one house leads to healthcare problems
       • Food shortages- country can't grow/supply enough food for everyone
     • Political
       • Lots of young people to provide education for
       • Fewer older people so mentions aren't a worry
       • Government has to make policies to keep population growth under control
     • Economic
       • Not enough jobs for everyone
       • Increase poverty- born into poor families
   • Birth control programmes
     • Reduce birth rate
     • Laws on amount of children you are allowed to have
     • Offering free contraception and sex education
     • Helps sustainable development so population doesn't get much bigger
     • Resources for the future
   • Immigration laws
     • Controlling immigration
     • Limit the number of people allowed to immigrate
     • Selective on who they let in
     • Slows down population rate

3. Ageing population

   • Impacts
     • Economic
       • Pay taxes- working population
       • Using taxes for mentions and retirement homes
       • Pays for healthcare- elderly need more
       • Money spent on retirement homes decreases the amount of money for education and businesses
     • Social
       • Healthcare services are stretched more- older people need more medical care
       • People need to spend more time looking after family members (unpaid)- less leisure time and increased stress levels
       • Birth rate decreases
       • Lower paid pensions- people need to retire later
   • Strategies
     • Encouraging larger families- young people can start working and support the elderly
     • Encouraging immigration of younger people- increases working population to pay for taxes
     • Raising retirement age- people work for longer so more taxes are paid
     • Raising taxes for the working population- increase money for supporting the elderly
   • More older than younger people
   • Low birth rate
   • Low death rate
   • Usually in richer countries
   • Young people looking after the elderly

4. Migration

   • Push factors
     • Cant find a job in their own country
     • Poor living conditions
     • War
     • Natural disaster
     • The things about a persons origin that makes hem decide to move
   • Pull factors
     • Job opportunities
     • Higher wages
     • Better standard of living
     • The things about a persons destination that attracts them
   • Impacts
     • Source country
       • Positive impacts
         • Reduce demand on services
         • Money is sent back to source country by emigrants
       • Negative impacts
         • Labour shortage
         • Skills shortage
         • Ageing population
     • Receiving country
       • Positive impacts
         • Increased labour force- more young workers
         • Migrant workers pay taxes- helps to fund services
       • Negative impacts
         • Overcrowding
         • Lead to tension and conflict
         • Money is sent back to own country
   • Within the EU
     • Poland
       • Population fell by 0.3% between 2003-2007
       • Shortage of workers
       • Money sent home- $3 billion in2006
     • UK
       • Population increased
       • New shops selling Polish products
       • Economy boosted but most money sent home
       • Catholic churches went up
   • To the EU
     • Africa
       • Working population reduced
       • Families become separated
       • Fewer people contributing to the economy
     • Spain
       • Social tension
       • Increased birth rate
       • Wages have fallen
       • Gaps filled in labouring market

Imagens e arquivos do mapa