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5224115
factors affecting eyewitness testimony: anxiety
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AS - Level psychology (chapter 2 - memory ) Mapa Mental sobre factors affecting eyewitness testimony: anxiety, criado por Daisy U em 23-04-2016.
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psychology
chapter 2 - memory
as - level
Mapa Mental por
Daisy U
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Daisy U
aproximadamente 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
factors affecting eyewitness testimony: anxiety
the effects of anxiety
anxiety has stong emotional and physical effects - does this make EWT worse or better
anxiety has a negative effect on recall
anxiety creates physiological arousal in the body - prevents use paying attention
so worse recall
Johnsons & Scott
weapon focus effect
procedure
participant thought that they were taking part in a lab experiment
low anxiety condition
heard a calm conversation
then a man walked out with greasy hands holding a pen
high anxiety condition
heard an argument and breaking glass
then a man walked out with a bloody knife
findings
later the participants had to pick out the man form 50 photos
low anxiety had 49% accuracy
high anxiety had 33% accuracy
tunnel theory
attention focuses on the weapon ads it is the source of anxiety
anxiety has a positive effect on recall
fight or flight is triggered - increases alertness and improves memory - more aware of the situation
Yuille & Judith
procedure
study from a real life shooting
shop owner shot a thief dead
21 witnesses - 13 agreed to take part
interviews held 4-5 months after
compared to the original police interviews
accuracy determined by the number of details reported
asked to report how stressed they were out of 7 and any emotional problems
findings
very accurate little change
some were less accurate e.g. colour of shirt, height weight
the participants who reported the highest levels of stress were most accurate
88% rather than 75% of less stressed group
explaining the contradictory findings
Yerkes and Dodson
Deffenbacher
applied it to EWT
found that it is accurate
evaluation
weapon focus effect may not be relevant
may test surprise more than anxiety
they focused on the weapon as they were surprised
pickel
did the some but different objects in a hair salon
scissors got the least surprise and raw chicken got the most
field studies sometimes lack control
if they interview long after the event
anything could have happened e.g. post event discussion
extraneous variables
less accurate recall
there are ethical issues
creating anxiety could cause physiological harm
doesn't make any difference to the results
benefit of the research may outweigh the issues
evaluation +
the inverted U explanation is too simplistic
anxiety is hard to define and measure accurately
it has many elements - cognitive, behavioural, emotional, physical
inverted U says only physiological is involved
demand characteristics operate in lab studies of anxiety
watch a film (usually a staged crime)
participants can guess that they are going to be asked questions
they are more vigilant
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