Education Reforms (1863-64)

Education Reforms (1863-64)

1. Features

   • Abolition of serfdom creates need to educate them
   • Golovin Minister for Education 1862-7

2. Pros

   • Uni's self-governed, appoint own staff
   • Responsibility of education belonged to Zemstvo, not Orthodox Church
   • Primary/secondary school extended
     • Modernised schools give another option instead of gimnaziya
       • Go to uni either way
   • Schools open to all regardless of sex, class
     • Women non-vocational secondary school 1870
   • Number of primary schools rose from 8000 1856 to 23,000 1880
     • Children in school rose from 400,000 to 1m
   • Uni students rose 3600 to 10,000 by 1870's

3. Cons

   • Increased radical/militant thinkers
     • Peasants have aspirations
     • Independent thought leads to criticism
   • The primary curriculum was restricted
   • Only upper class chose what to study, modern vs classics at secondary