640268
Descrição
Mapa Mental por mrrizkalla, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por mrrizkalla
aproximadamente 10 anos atrás
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Evolution
- Mutation
- Def: Change
- Darwin
- de Vries
- Darwin
- Examples
- Morgan
- Sickle cell anemia
- Transposases and Corn
- Morgan
- Types
- Nucleotide substitutions (transition vs. transversion ?)
- Indels
- Duplication
- Nucleotide substitutions (transition vs. transversion ?)
- Classification
- Coding
- Synonymous
- Nonsynonymous
- Nonsense
- Read-through
- Frame-shift
- Synonymous
- Non-coding
- NTR
- UTR
- Introns
- NTR
- Regulatory
- Coding
- Mutation Rates
- Loss of function (per gene/generation)
- Sequencing (per bp/generation)
- Loss of function (per gene/generation)
- Def: Change
- Drift
- Mutation-Drift Equilibrium
- Neutral theory
- Mutations we observe are mostly neutral
- Mutations we observe are mostly neutral
- Neutral theory
- Def. Loss or fixation
- theta = 4 N*mu
- Assumption: Complete neutrality
- Explains
- Polymorphism
- Population size
- Population size
- Rate of evolution
- Rate of neutral evolution (divergence) (k) = # mutations * prob. fix
- Independent of N
- = mu (pure neut.)
- Fixed in species/generations
- Fixed in species/generations
- k = mu * f0 (Kimura)
- f0 per protein
- f0 0 per DNA
- Molecular clock (constancy of change)
- f0 per protein
- Independent of N
- Prob. fix(t=1) = (1/2N)^2N
- Rate of neutral evolution (divergence) (k) = # mutations * prob. fix
- Polymorphism
- Why 4N?
- Assumption: Complete neutrality
- Mutation-Drift Equilibrium
- H-W
- Assumptions
- No selection
- No mutation
- No migration
- No random drift
- Random mating
- No selection
- Equilibrium
- f(AA) = p^2
- f(aa) = q^2
- f(Aa) = 2pq
- f(AA) = p^2
- Assumptions
- Selection
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