Methods Of Extraction

Methods Of Extraction

1. Mechanical

   • No solvent Hydralic Pressure only
     • F.O of Seeds

2. Maceration

   • Solvent + 3 days + RT

3. Percolation

   • Maceration + Continous Fresh solvent Flow

4. Digestion

   • Maceration + Gentle Heat

5. Infusion

   • Maceration short time
     • Readily Soluble Cpds

6. Decoction

   • Boiling for 15'
     • Thermostable Cpds

7. Continous HOT extraction Using Soxhlet Extractor

   • P.M is repeatedly extracted with solvent & the dissolved const. are conc. In the extraction flask
     • Thermostable Cpds & If Thermoliable use Low B.P solvent

8. UAE

   • Ultrasonic Energy + Pressure
     • High Temp = Inc. Solubility & Diffusion of Const. in solvent
       • The oxidative energy from radicals Created during the process  Inc. Extraction Power
         • If Pressure is Applied  inc. Penetration & Transport Between Solvent & P.M

9. MAE

   • Microwaves --> Agitation + Heat Energy
     • If Pressure is Applied  inc. Penetration & Transport Between Solvent & P.M

10. PLE

    • Extraction with Liquid solvent under High Temp  Inc. Diffusion Rate & Solubility & High Pressure  Keep solvent Below B.P

11. SFE

    • Carbondioxide Gas Under Critical Temp. = Gas--> Liquid
      • Available & cheap Inert Non-toxic Non-inflammable Easy to eliminate Has low critical temp. ( 31o C at P= 74 bar )

12. SPE

    • Solid phase pre-packed in column = stationary phase + solvent
      • to isolate / purify a sub or sample of interest from a more complex sample Eg: Before analysis of Biological samples

13. SPME

    • Analysis of some V.O containing drugs In GC & LC Analysis of Dilute samples in both gaseous & Liquid states Adsorptive phase : silicone Fibers

14. Distillation

    • Steam Distillation
      • V.O
    • Thermo-Micro-Distillation
      • For Analytical separation of Vol. const. Steam distillation on a semi – micro scale