Changing Populations

Changing Populations

1. Changing populations

   • Where do people live in the world and why do they live there
     • Population Density
       • How crowded places are (the number of people per Km2)
     • Sparsely Populated
       • Not a lot of people living in an area
     • Densely Populated
       • Lots of people Living in a small area( a crowded place)
     • Urbanisation
       • An increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities
     • Location Factor
       • Something you consider when choosing where to live
   • What is rural to urban and urban to rural migation
     • Rural( country)
     • Urban ( city)
     • Migration ( moving from one place to another)
     • Push factor
       • Something that makes someone want to leave a place. It is something NEGATIVE about the place they are currently living in
     • Pull Factor
       • Something that attracts someone to a new place, It is something POSITIVE about the place they want to move to
     • South Africa
       • Limpopo to Gauteng
         • Limpopo
           • Rural
           • Poor access to healthcare
           • Poor job opportunities
           • Little to no electricity
         • Gauteng
           • Higher wages ( average 7 times more than Limpopo)
           • Better health care
           • Better education
           • "bright lights of the city"
     • Consequences
       • Brain drain
         • The Loss of the most skilled workers from rural areas
       • Break up families
         • It isusally young men who migrate and leave the family behind
       • Information and Ideas
         • New technologies and skills learned in the city flow back to the country
       • Remittances
         • Money sent back by workers to support their families
     • Circular migration
       • Leave country side when few jobs and return at busier times( harvest)
     • Counter Urbanisation
       • The outward migration of people from cities into towns and villages in the countryside
       • Reasons
         • Improvements in technology
           • Work from home
             • Video conferencing
         • Cities are seen as stressful and noisy places to live so people want to leave
         • The lack of open space and places for children to play safely makes people want to leave
         • a perceived better quality of life in the countryside
     • Worcestershire uk
       • Enter text here
   • What are the factors that influence Birth Rates and Death Rates
     • Factor that affect BIRTH RATE
       • Cultural factors ( This can increase the BR as some cultures encourage larger families)
       • Religious factors (this can increase the birth rate as some religions discourage the use of protection)
       • Educating Women( this can reduce the birth rate as women can have careers and make a salary)
     • Factor that affect DEATH RATE
       • Health care ( having free access to good health care can reduce the death rate)
       • Clean water ( having access to clean water can reduce the death rate)
       • Ageing population( having an ageing population can increase the DR of a country )((More old people=eventually more people dying)
   • How do differences in BR and DR affect population structures in Sub-Saharan Africa, South east Asia and Western Europe
     • South East asia
       • High fertility rate (but now falling in some richer regions of SE asia
       • Poverty and fertility rates both remain high in SE asia especially in India BUT THEY ARE FALLING
       • To tackle tihis we could :incease access to education females and raise their status
         • Encourage family planning
         • Improve standards of healthcare
         • Improve standards of healthcare for mothers and young children
     • Sub saharan Africa
       • Bad child mortality rates due to Malaria and HIV
       • 60% of babies in Malawi had malaria before the age of 3 and those children with HIV are at risk of dying from the disease
       • To combat this : they are trying to provide all of the population with a mosquito net at a cost of £3 each
         • Also raising awareness amoung the population by using travelling nurses and improving access to anti-malaria drugs
     • Western Europe
       • declining fertility rate and an ageing population
       • Women and men Have Salaries and education and par with each other
       • Replacement rate of Humans Is 2.1
         • Whereas Germany is 1.4
           • The consequences of this is that there are more old people than young and so schools close ETC
             • Solutions include offering tax breaks and benefits to encourage people to have more children and also encourage more migrants
   • How Might Populations change in the future
     • HIV Botswana
       • HIV prevalence of 37.3% Life expendancy is only 34 years old
       • A mine was losing 20-30 workers per month
         • To compat this busineess are encouraged to have compulsory testing, issue free drugs to the workers that are infected and lessons about HIV before work every day
           • They are now unlucky to lose 1-2 workers a month
     • Ageing populaltion Japan
       • By 2020 30% of the population of Japan will be over 65
         • This affects the economy because OAPs need more health care and pensions and they cant work, Meaning less young people have to make more money to pay for all of this
           • This has had other impacts like a big rise in the number of crimes commited by the elderly, and also the increase in suicide rates in the elderly, Who feel abandoned and alone
             • To combat this Japan is encouraging more births to balence out the numbers of young to old and also to encourage the elderly to go out and become part of the comunity by volunteering and joining clubs.
               • Some day care centres for infants now double up as day care centres for the elderly
   • Case Study
     • Counter urbanisation
       • Worcestershire uk
         • Causes
           • push
             • shortage of attractive/affordable homes in Urban areas
             • Congestion/pollution
             • Fear of crime
             • Poor quality city schools
           • Pull
             • "quieter" life
             • Affordable old buildings to renovate
             • Clean Air
             • Better environment for children
               • Houses for retirement
             • Access to countryside
           • Consequences
             • Positive
               • New services to supply growing population
               • Migrants bring their businesses with them creating employment
               • Landowners can sell land to developers
               • House owners benefit from increasing value of their property
             • Negative
               • village becoming "dormitory settlements"
               • Loss of community spirit
               • Loss of local shops in villages
                 • Incomers use cars/supermarkets, second homes empty for long periods
               • New housing has changed character of village ("suburbanised")
               • Green belt land being built on.
               • Pollution ( noise, air and visual)
               • Has caused conflicts
           • Conflicts
             • Between developers and enviromental protection groups
             • Between existing vllagers with the new inhabitants (who isolate themselves from local activities
             • Between existing young villages and new inhabitants ( who push up house prices making it difficult for first-time buyers
             • Between farm vehicles and commuter traffic