Individual differences in second language learning.

Individual differences in second language learning.

1. Some people learn language faster than others, even in first language acquisition and in ideal conditions.

2. Research on learner characteristics.

   • Correlation.
     • How likely it is to have high scores on the language test when the there's a H.S. on the motivation questionnaire too.
     • Motivation - Language proficiency.
     • Requires careful interpretation.
       • Studies vary in many assumptions.

3. Intelligence.

   • There are multiple intelligences.
   • IQ tests have assessed only a limited range of abilities.

4. Aptitude.

   • Specific abilities thought to predict success in language learning.
   • The most important variable in predicting success for learners in many language learning situations is...
     • Working Memory.

5. Learning styles.

   • Natural, habitual and preferred way of absorbing, processing and retaining new information and skills.
   • Field independent.
   • Field dependent.

6. Personality.

   • Quiet, observant learners may have greater success.
   • Inhibition.
     • Discourages risk-taking.
   • Anxiety.
     • Can be good or bad, depending on the type.
     • Tension.
   • Quantitative research paradigm.
     • Qualitative approach. ✓

7. Motivation and attitudes.

   • Motivation.
     • Learners communicative needs.
     • Attitudes towards SL community.
     • Instrumental motivation.
     • Integrative motivation.
     • Motivation through 3 phases.
       • Choices.
       • Retrospection.
       • Executive motivation.
   • In the classroom.
     • Teachers can improve motivation in class.
     • Motivating students into the lesson.
       • Varying the activities.
         • Co-operative goals instead of competitive.