Computing hardware revisionmindmap

Computing hardware revisionmindmap

1. Binary logic

   • Gates
     • AND
       • both of the input need to be on for there to be an output.
     • OR
       • either one of the inputs can be on for an output, they both can't be on.
     • NOT
       • When the input is on the output will be off, and other way round.
   • Truth tables
     • these show the inputs and outputs of different gates and combination of gates.
   • Explanation
     • computers use this way of sorting and knowing what path to chose.

2. The Central Processing Unit

   • What is the purpose?
     • executes programs using the fetch-decode-execute cycle
     • It process the input and output devices the allow the computer to work.
   • The function of the CPU as fetching and executing instructions stored in memory
     • The CPU and memory work together to run programs.
     • CPU - executes programs using the fetch-decode-execute cycle.Memory - stores program operations and data while a program is being executed. There are several types of memory, including: registers, cache, RAM and virtual memory. Storage - stores programs and files long term, even when they are not in use. Devices such as hard drives, USB memory sticks or SD cards are used to store files such as photos, music and software applications long term.
   • Explain how common characteristics of CPUs such as clock speed, cache size and number of cores affect their performance.

3. Memory

   • Cache memory
     • Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. This memory is typically integrated directly with the CPU chip or placed on a separate chip that has a separate bus interconnect with the CPU.
   • ROM
     • Short for Read-Only Memory, ROM is a storage medium that is used with computers and other electronic devices. As the name indicates, data stored in ROM may only be read. It is either modified with extreme difficulty or not at all.
     • ROM is memory that cannot be changed by a program or user. ... For example, ROM stores the instructions for the computer to start up when it is turned on again.
   • RAM
     • Random Access Memory (RAM) is a hardware device that allows information to be stored and retrieved on a computer. RAM is usually associated with DRAM, which is a type of memory module.
     • is the place in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor.
   • Flash memory
     • This is a memory stick, which can transport data to one and another computer

Imagens e arquivos do mapa