Mapa mental
Atoms
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Atoms
- protons are found in the nucleus.neutrons are found in the nucleus .electrons are found in the nucleus.atomic radii and bond length are in order of 10 x -10.protons mass is one and charge is positive one(+1).neutrons mass is one and charge is zero(0).electrons mass is almost zero and charge is negative one(-1).Relative atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.atomic number is the number of protons it has.an isotope is an element with a different number of neutrons.if an atom loses or gains an electron it forms an ion.if an atom gains electrons - negative charge.if an atom loses electrons - positive charge.relative formula mass(Mr)-is the mass of an element compared to 1/12 of a carbon atom.empirical formula-shows the parts of an element in its lowest ratio.metals will lose electrons to get a full outer shell,this forms positive ions.non-metals will gain electrons to get a full outer shell,this forms negative ions.ionic bonding is a bond between a "metal" and a "non-metal".ionic compounds form a structure called a giant ionic lattice,like a weave,in it positive and negative ions are strongly attracted ,when dissolved they will conduct electricity.covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between two non-metals.they have weak intermolecular forces,this gives them low melting points, they do not conduct electricity.metallic bonding are when the atoms are tightly packed together in a giant lattice similar to the lattice in ionic compounds.The outer electrons separate from their atoms and become delocalised,creating a 'sea of free electrons',the atoms become positive ions and are attracted to these electron.metals generally have a very high melting point and boiling point because metallic bonds are very strong.metals are good conductors of heat because they have got free electrons and electricity as free electrons carry electrical charge.silver is the best conductor of electricity and copper is the second best and is cheaper.metals are tough not brittle.metals are malleable and ductile because applying a force to a metallic wont break the metallic bond they just move about.adding another element in with the metal changes the properties and makes an alloy.polymers are very large molecules they are made when lots of smaller molecules ,called monomers ,join together.ethene forms polyethene.propene forms polypropene.vinyl acetate forms polyvinyl acetate.vinyl chloride forms polyvinyl chloride.polymerisation needs high pressure and a catalyst to work.to make polymers from monomers we carry out a process called polymerisation.
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- GCSE Chemistry Mapa Mental sobre Atoms, criado por Aaliyah Newton em 18-02-2017.
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- Aaliyah Newton
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