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Functions of sleep evolutionary theory
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(Psychology) Mapa Mental sobre Functions of sleep evolutionary theory, criado por 07huntk em 08-05-2014.
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psychology
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07huntk
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Functions of sleep evolutionary theory
Energy conservation
warm-blooded animals need to expend energy to maintain a constant body temperature
particularly problematic for for small animals with high metabolism rates
all activities use energy and animals with high metabolism rates use more energy
sleep serves as the purpose of providing a period inactivity - hibernation - as a means of conserving energy
Foraging requirements
sleep is a necessity, the time spent sleeping may be constrained by food requirements
herbivores spend their time eating plants that are relatively poor in nutrients
as a result they must spend a great deal of their time eating and therefore cannot spend 'afford' to spend time sleeping
carnivores eat food that is high in nutrients and so do not need to eat continuously
therefore they can 'afford' to rest much of the time and by resting they can conserve energy
Predator avoidance
sleep is constrained by predation risk
if an animal is a predator then it can sleep for longer
if an animal is prey their sleep time is reduced as they must remain vigilant to avoid predators
Waste of time
Meddis (1975) sleep helps animals to stay out of the way of predators during parts of the day that they are most vunerable
for most animals this means sleeping during dark hours and in places where they would be hidden
sleep may simply ensure that animals stay still when they have nothing better to do with their time
Siegel/Young (2008) being awake is riskier than sleeping because an animal is more likely to be injured
sleep enables both energy conservation and keeping an individual out of danger
IDA
fails to address key aspects of sleep such as why we have such a strong drive for sleep when deprived
Horne (1988) suggested a distinction between core and optional sleep
core sleep is mainly SWS and is the vital portion of sleep that an organism requires for essential body and brain processes
optional sleep is mainly REM sleep and is dispensible
believes that optional sleep has the function of occupying unproductive hours and, in the case of small animals, of conserving energy
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