TOPIC 1

TOPIC 1

1. 3.Prototype Design

   • Before making a design it is necessary to define precisely the technological problem that we propose to solve and know the technical solutions that have been used previously
     • The main ideas are expressed with words and sketches.
       • The sketches are schematic drawings in 2 or 3 dimensions, usually not very precise.
     • The computer simulation consists of trying to predict the mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, environmental behavior ... of a technical design using software tools.
       • Mechanics
         • Based on the so-called finite element method, it is used to predict the resistance of mechanisms and structures.
       • Electrical and Electronic
         • Uses the laws of Ohm and Kirchhoff to predict the operation of electrical and electronic circuits
       • Pneumatics and Hydraulics
         • It uses the laws of fluid dynamics to predict the operation of pneumatic and hydraulic circuits. The best known are Automation Studio and Festo Fluidsim.

2. 4.Construction of Prototypes

   • A prototype is the first physical model of our original technological idea. It is built to evaluate this idea and, therefore, it is usually done on a reduced scale and with inferior materials.
     • Low-fidelity prototypes are usually built with lightweight materials and usually on a scale of less than 1:1. They use paper, cardboard, soft woods or special clays.
     • Increasingly, high fidelity prototypes are being imposed, using more complex techniques and materials such as the following:
       • Plastic resins
         • Which are shaped in silicone molds. Silicone is a fluid paste that is poured and surrounds the pieces without adhering to them. Shortly after it hardens and an elastic material is obtained that can be stretched to extract the piece . . Plastic resins, which are shaped in silicone molds. Silicone is a fluid paste that is poured and surrounds the pieces without adhering to them. Shortly after it hardens and an elastic material is obtained that can be stretched to extract the piece .
       • 3D printing by melted wire deposition, consisting of making solid objects, by successively printing thin layers of a thermoplastic material.
         • The pieces are designed
         • 2.The machine collects the coordinates of the object and is forming the piece by joining thin layers of plastic
         • 3.The piece made in 3D with thermoplastic material appears
     • The protection of technological ideas
       • There are two forms of intellectual protection in the technological world: patents and industrial secrets.
         • The patent is a legal document that allows, on the one hand, to exploit the patented invention exclusively for 20 years and, on the other, to make the invention known.
         • The industrial secret is the most common form of industrial protection. It is a promise of confidentiality by which employees of a company are committed not to disclose data on processes, machinery or products of the company.

3. 5.The technical documentation

   • Once the prototype has been built, the report of the project is prepared. It is a document that gathers all the information related to the technological process, followed for the creation of a process or product.
     • Cover page
     • Technical specifications
     • Prototype design
     • Process sheets
     • Material's list
     • Schemes
     • Technical calculations
     • Technical diary
     • Project evaluation
     • With the elaboration of this report it is intended to make a valuation of process followed, as well as being able to communicate it to other technical or financial professionals.

4. 1.The technologies

   • What is it?
     • Not all products have been obtained or invented by chance, but using technical and scientific knowledge. This is the fiel dos technologies.The Technologies are a branch of knowledge that uses technical and scientific knowledge to create products (objects, processes, services ) that satisfy human needs.
       • Inventors
         • Thomas Alva Edison
           • American (1847-1931)
         • Nikola Tesla
           • Serbian(1856-1943)
   • The profile of the technologist
     • Technicisians Use machines and technical knowledge to solve problems
     • Investigarors are dedicated to seek for new scientific and technical knowledge
   • The technological cathedrals
     • The inventors work together in laboratories to invent things that have not already been invented.They are the centers of technological research
       • The most important centers of technological research

5. 2.The technological progress

   • The technological process
     • Is the method to solve technological problems
     • Stages
       • Statement of the technological progress
       • Information search
       • Desing of possible solutions
       • Construction of a prototype
       • Prototype evaluation
       • Manufacture of the final product
       • Product marketing
   • The technical office
     • There is a department within the companies, called technical project office (OTP), which is responsible for managing the process of marketing a product. Their tasks are:
       • -Request licenses and certificates to carry out technical projects Realize the follow-up of the projects in execution and elaborate the corresponding technical reports.
       • -Find financing Disseminate the results of the technical project to citizens, public and private companies or other organizations

6. 6.Industrial Manufacturing

   • The manufacturing process is that with which a product is obtained from raw materials. Also, this product satisfies the technical specifications of a previously established design.
     • The manufacturing processes can be of two types:
       • Serial production
         • It is a production system in large quantities. This option is characterized by the following: a high degree of mechanization, continuous production rate and rigidly defined jobs.
       • Flexible production
         • It consists of manufacturing small quantities according to the demand that the product has. This option supposes to work with versatile machines that can adapt easily to the accomplishment of different tasks.
   • These standards are based on consolidated results of science, technology and experience
   • The quality control
     • Before the products go on the market, they must pass a quality control, that is, a set of actions aimed at detecting errors or lack of precision in the technological products. The certified products have a seal indicating the regulations they meet.

7. 7.The commercialization of the product

   • Marketing a product is present it as the more appealing to future buyers and choose the most appropriate way of distributing it
     • Marketing
       • Marketing consists of having the right product at the right time, adapted to the demand and with the optimal price. It focuses on the wishes and needs of the consumer. For this, those responsible for marketing:
         • They observe and analyze consumer behavior
         • They make market tests of new products
         • Create names and trademarks
         • Design containers with attractive shapes and colors to the consumer.
         • They communicate it to the consumers designing a suitable publicity
       • Product distribution and logistics
         • It is necessary to distribute it from the place where it is manufactured to the point of sale of the consumer. To do this, we resort to logistics, which is the technique that is responsible for distributing the products in the most efficient way.
           • Logistics has a mathematical basis in graph theory

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