VERTEBRATE

VERTEBRATE

1. Nutrition

   • They eat other living things: CONSUMERS
     • -There are three types of consumers: HERBIVORES, CARNIVORES, OMNIVORES
       • -Most reptiles and amphibians are CARNIVORES
       • -Mammals, birds and fish can be: HERBIVORES, CARNIVORES or OMNIVORES
       • -Birds have different beaks
       • Mammals have different types of teeth
       • RUMINANTS : have a special way of digesting food

2. Respiration

   • -All animals need to take in oxygen and expel waste carbon dioxide.
     • -Fish: take oxygen from water.
       • -The water enters through the mouth and leaves through the gills.
         • -The oxygen is absorved into the blood through capillaries
     • -Mammals, birds and reptiles:take oxygen from the air.
       • -Air passes into the lungs.Blood cells absorb the oxygen from the lungs and transport around the body.
         • -Carbon dioxide leaves the body through the lungs.
     • -Young amphibians: take the oxygen from the water through their gills
       • -During metamorphosis: their gills close and develop lungs.
       • Adult amphibians: absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide through moist skin

3. Reproduction:

   • -All animals have a life cycle. (born, grow, reproduce and die)
     • -A new living thing is an: Offspring
       • -Extinct: when a specie is not replaced
         • Viviparous: Almost all mammals are viviparous.
           • -The embyo develops inside the mother.
         • Ovoviviparous: Some fish, reptiles and amphibians
           • -The animals produce eggs develop and hatch inside the mother
         • Oviparous: Some birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians.
           • -The embryo grows inside an egg.
           • -Monotremes: are mammals that are oviparous

4. VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE

   • INVERTEBRATE
     • They don´t have a backbone. Arthropods,molluscs, echinoderms, sponges, annelids, cnidarians
       • Arthropos
         • -They have an external skeleton:Exoskeleton
           • -Crustaceans
             • -They have 2 parts: Cephalothorax and abdomen and 5 pair of legs and 4 antennae
           • -Myriapods
             • -They have long, thin segmented bodies
               • -They have many pair of legs and 2 antennae
           • -Arachnids
             • -They have 2 parts: Cephalothorax ,abdomen and 4 pair of legs and 8 eyes
           • -Insects
             • - 3 parts: Head, thorax and an abdomen, with 2 antennae, 3 pair of legs and wings
       • Mollucs
         • Gastropods
         • Bivalves
         • Cephalopod
       • Other groups
         • Echinoderms
           • They live at the bottom of the sea
             • -They are covered by a hard, spiny skin
               • Example: starfish
         • Sponges
           • -They are simplest
             • -They dont have muscles, nervous or circulatory system
         • -Annelids
           • -They have a long,soft body with moist skin.
             • -Most are parasites
         • Cnidarians
           • -They have a jelly-like body and venomous tentacles.
             • Example: Anemones and jellyfish

5. Mammals, birds, fish,reptiles, amphibians