2.1

2.1

1. Models

   • Simplifying complex processes
   • Carbon cycle
   • Hydrological cycle

2. Systems- Set of interrelated components working towards a process"

   • A series of....
     • Components
     • Stores
       • e.g lake
     • Flows
       • e.g Stem Flow
   • Characteristics of a system
     • Inputs
       • e.g precipitation
     • Outputs
       • e.g evaporation
     • Flows
     • Boundaries
       • e.g water shed
   • Types of systems
     • Open
       • Cascading
         • Multiple open systems linking together
         • Outputs of one system become inputs for the next
         • e.g Water Cycle
       • Transfers of energy and matter
       • e.g Ecosystem
     • Closed
       • Energy transfers
       • No matter transfers
     • Isolated
       • no interaction outside boundaries
       • Lab expriment

3. Feedback

   • Dynamic Equilibrium
     • NO feedback
     • Balance between inputs and outputs
     • Stores stay the same
     • e.g Glacier snow=melting
       • Net gain = 0
   • Positive
     • Effects are amplified
     • e.g Global temperature rising
   • Negative
     • Effects are reduced (nullified)
     • e.g More plants grow due to the increase in CO2 in the atmosphere

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