Unit 10 - Strategic change - Key topics

Unit 10 - Strategic change - Key topics

1. Managing change

   • Types of change
     • Incremental
       • Disruptive
     • External
     • Internal
       • Lewin's force field analysis
         • Change management
         • Restraining forces
         • Driving forces
         • Strategies to strengthen/weaken forces
         • Flexible organisation
           • Flexible employment contracts
             • Part-time workers
             • Term-time workers
             • Annual hours
               • Compressed hours
             • Flexitime
               • Job-sharing
             • 0 hour contract
           • Delayering
             • Hierarchy
             • Chain of command
             • Restructuring
               • Retrenchment
               • Subcontracting/Outsourcing
           • Organic VS Mechanistic structure
             • Organic
               • A.K.A. Flat structure
               • Wide span of control
               • Decentralisation
               • Loose departmentalisation
               • Loose specialisation & formalisation
                 • Difficult chain of command
                 • Informal decision-making
             • Mechanistic
               • Narrow span of control
               • Centralisation
                 • Formal decision-making
                 • High specialisation & formalisation
               • Rigid departmentalisation
                 • Clear chain of command
           • Knowledge & information management
             • Data
             • Information
             • Knowledge
   • Kotter & Schlesinger 4 reasons for resistance to change
     • Parochial self-interest
     • Different assessment
     • Low tolerance to change
     • Misunderstanding & lack of trust
     • Kotter & Schlesinger 6 ways to overcome resistance to change
       • Implicit & explicit coercion
       • Education & communcation
       • Participation & involvement
       • Negotiation & agreement
       • Manipulation & co-optation
       • Facilitation & support

2. Problems with strategies & why strategies fail

   • Strategies
     • Long-term
     • Planned
       • A.K.A. Intended
     • Emergent
     • Realised
       • Unrealised
   • Strategic drift
     • Small, incremental change
     • Strategic drift
     • Flux
     • Death/Transformational change
   • Contingency planning
     • Disaster-recovery planning
     • Crisis management
     • What if?/Sensitivity analysis
   • Corporate governance
     • Divorce of ownership & control
     • Strategic planning

3. Managing organisational culture

   • Culture; the way we do things
   • Leadership style
     • Decision-making style
       • Handy's culture
         • Person
         • Role
         • Power
         • Task
   • Management style
   • Attitude & behaviour of staff
   • Shared values & norms
     • Hofstede's national culture
       • Individualism VS Collectivism (IDV)
       • Masculinity VS Femininity (MAS)
         • Cultural web
           • Myths & stories
           • Rituals & routines
           • Power structure
           • Organisational structure
           • Control systems
             • Pay & reward
             • Quality
             • Finance
           • Symbols & titles
       • Uncertainty avoidance index (UAI)
       • Long-term orientation
       • Power distance
       • Indulgence VS Restraint

4. Managing strategic implementation

   • Organisational structure
     • Functional
     • Product-based
     • Matrix
     • Geographical/Regional
     • Critical Path Analysis
       • Nodes
       • Duration
       • Prerequisite
       • Activities
       • Dummies
       • Network analysis
       • Total float
         • Free float