Chapter 7: IP Addressing

Chapter 7: IP Addressing

1. JUAN DAVID VARGAS PERDOMO

   • 9013113577

2. Network addresses Ipv4.

   • Binary and decimal conversion.
     • Ipv4 addresses.
       • Each address consists of a 32-bit string,
       • Each octet contains 8 bits (or 1 byte) separated by a period
     • Position notation
       • base
       • number pisition.
       • calculation
       • position value.
     • Conversion of binary system to decimal.
       • To convert a binary IPv4 address to its dotted decimal equivalent, divide the IPv4 address into four 8-bit octets
     • Conversion from decimal to binary system.
   • Structure of the Ipv4 address.
     • network positions.
     • the subnet mask
       • it is used to identify the network / host portion of the IPv4 address.
     • Logical AND
     • the length of the prefix.
     • Network, host and disulfion addresses.
       • The host portion, consists of only zeros.
       • The host portion, always contains numbers of zeros and some combined.
       • The unidifusipon uses the highest address in the range of the network.
   • Ipv4 Unicast, broadcast and multicast addresses.
     • Assigning a static IPv4 address to a host.
     • Assigning a dynamic IPv4 address to a host
     • Comunicación IPv4
       • Unicast
       • Broadcasting
       • Multicast
     • Transmisión de unidifusión
       • is used for normal communication from host to host
     • Broadcast transmission
       • is used to send packets to all hosts on the network with the broadcast address for the network
     • Multicast transmission
       • reduces traffic by allowing a host to send a single packet to a selected group of hosts that are subscribed to a multicast group.
   • Types of IPv4 addresses.
     • Public and private IPv4 addresses
       • Public IPv4 addresses
         • are addresses that are routed globally between ISP routers.
           • private address blocks.
       • private IPv4 addresses
         • Private addresses are defined in RFC 1918.
           • an not be routed on the Internet
     • IPv4 addresses of special users
       • Loopback addresses (127.0.0.0 / 8 or 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254):
       • TEST-NET addresses (192.0.2.0 / 24 or 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255):
       • Local link addresses (169.254.0.0 / 16 or 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254):

3. Ipv6 network addresses.

   • problems with ipv4.
     • El agotamiento del espacio de direcciones IPv4 fue el factor que motivó la migración a IPv6.
     • Coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6
       • Dual-stack
       • Tunneling
       • Translation
   • ipv6 address.
     • Representation of IPv6 addresses
       • Preferred format
       • Rule 1: omit the initial 0
         • 01AB can be represented as 1AB.
         • 09F0 can be represented as 9F0.
         • 0A00 can be represented as A00.
         • 00AB can be represented as AB.
       • Rule 2: omit the segments of 0
         • 2001: 0DB8 :: ABCD: 0000: 0000: 1234
         • 2001: 0DB8 :: ABCD: 0000: 0000: 0000: 1234
         • 2001: 0DB8: 0000: ABCD :: 1234
         • 2001: 0DB8: 0000: 0000: ABCD :: 1234
   • types of ipv6 addresses.
     • Unicast
     • Multicast
     • Proximity diffusion
     • IPv6 prefix length
     • IPv6 unicast addresses
       • Global Unicast
       • Link-local
       • Unique place
     • IPv6 unicast addresses link-local
       • allows a device to communicate with other devices with IPv6 enabled on the same link and only on that link (subnet).
   • address of ipv6 unidifusion
     • Structure of a global unicast IPv6 address
       • Global routing prefix
       • Subnet ID
       • Interface ID
     • Static configuration of a global unicast address
       • Router configuration
       • Host configuration
     • Dynamic configuration: SLAAC
       • Network prefix and prefix length
       • Default gateway address
       • DNS addresses and domain name
       • Option 1 of RA: SLAAC
         • Prefix
         • Interface ID:
     • Dynamic configuration: DHCPv6
       • Option 2 of RA: SLAAC and DHCPv6 without status information
       • RA Option 3: DHCPv6 with status information
   • ipv6 multicast address
     • IPv6 multicast addresses assigned
       • Multicast group FF02 :: 1 for all nodes:
       • Multicast group FF02 :: 2 for all nodes

4. Verification of connectivity.

   • ICMP
     • ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
       • Host confirmation
       • Destination or inaccessible service
       • Time exceeded
     • ICMPv6 router request and announcement messages
       • Address resolution
       • Detection of duplicate addresses
   • Test and verification
     • Ping: Test the local stack
       • Ping the local loopback
     • Ping: Test connectivity to the local LAN
       • this is done by pinging the IP address of the host gateway.
     • Ping: Test connectivity to a remote network
       • The local host can ping an operational IPv4 host from a remote network
     • Traceroute: Test of the route
       • Round trip time (RTT)
       • IPv4 TTL and IPv6 hop limit

5. conclusion

   • IP addresses are hierarchical and have network, subnet and host portions. An IP address can represent a complete network, a specific host or the broadcast address of the network

6. It allows data communication between hosts, regardless of whether they are in the same network or in different networks

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