UNIT 15

UNIT 15

1. THE ADVERB

   • CHARACTERISTICS
     • FUNCTION: clause element adverbials/modifiers
     • FORM: derived from adjectives
     • CONTENT: similarity with other parts of the speech -> modifiers
   • CLASSIFICATION
     • MORPHOLOGICALLY: simple; compound; derivational; adverbial phrases
     • CONTENT: time; place; manner; quantity; degree; linking; sentence; broad negative; focusing
     • POSITION: pre-subject; preverbal; post-verbal; pre-adjectival; miscellaneous
   • PROCESS ADVERBIALS
     • Manner adjuncts
       • - How?
         • - Adverb; PP; Clause
     • Means adjuncts
       • - Transitive verbs
         • - By-phrases
         • - Means of transport
     • Instrument aduncts
       • - Use + object
         • - With-phrases
         • - NP=Subject
     • - Dynamic verbs
       • - Grammatical function: adjuncts
       • - Position: final position when obligatory; passive voice; initial position for emphasis
   • COMPARISON
     • =inflected form as adjectives -> =rules
       • Exceptions: -ly adverbs; seldom/often; now/then
   • GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION
     • - Sentences themselves: yes, no, perhaps
       • - Clause constituents: adjuncts, disjuncts, conjuncts
       • - Modifiers: adjectives; adverbs; NP; pronouns, determiners and numerals; complements of prep
         • - Function as nouns: it is in here
   • POSITION
     • - Adverbs of frequency, possibility and degree: before V; after auxiliary; after TO BE; 2 auxiliaries=mid position
       • - At the end of sentence: most natural
         • - At the beginning: exclamatory/interrogative; inversions
       • - Phrasal verbs: between V-O
         • - DO=clause -> before clause
           • - + adverbs -> manner, place, time