Nomenclature and isomerism in organic chemistry

Nomenclature and isomerism in organic chemistry

1. 1 carbon = meth-

2. 2 carbon = eth-

3. 3 carbon = prop-

4. 4 carbon = but-

5. 5 carbon = pent-

6. 6 carbon = hex-

7. 7 carbon = hept-

8. Alkanes

   • alkanes in a carbon ring are given the prefix cyclo-
   • Single bonds
   • Suffix -ane

9. Alkenes

   • Double bonds
   • Suffix -ene

10. Stereoisomerism

    • Two or more compounds have the same structural formula, but differ in the arrangement of bonds in space
    • E-Z isomerism
      • When each double bonded carbon has two different atoms or groups attached to it
      • You can't rotate a double bond
      • E = apart
      • Z = together
    • Optical isomerism

11. Structural isomerism

    • Have different functional groups
    • The functional groups are attached to the main chain at different points
    • They have a different arrangement of carbon atoms in the skeleton of the molecule

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