WHAT ARE THE CAUSES, PRACTICES, AND EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR 1?

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES, PRACTICES, AND EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR 1?

1. Practices of WWI

   • The Great War
     • Huge armies, lots of casualties
     • industry: larger populations, more transport and communication
     • more technology meant greater weapons
     • state controlled resources
   • Massive Failure: Schlieffen Plan
     • didnt account for Russian Railways
       • Russia was able to mobilize quickly
     • didnt anticipate resistance from Belgium and GB
     • French air force resistance
     • underestimated weapons
   • War in the West
     • race to the sea for high ground and to move behind enemy lines
     • Trench Warfare
       • stalemate
         • like siege warfare
       • British couldnt destroy Germany
     • new weapons had devastating effect
     • defense was easier than offense
   • Japan
     • Japan was deceitful and took over German colonies in Asia
   • In the East
     • German Success in the East
       • advanced into Russia
       • British and france were failing
       • Naval advantages (U-boats)
     • Russia withdrew from war b/c of Revolutiion
   • United States
     • Caused by unrestricted Warfare
       • Zimmerman telegram
     • social change on home front
       • women in the workforce
       • Propaganda
     • sinking of the Lusitania

2. Types of War

   • Total War: all of a nations resources are used by the state to achieve total victory
     • no difference between home front and war front
     • lots of propaganda more state control
     • brutal weapons often used
   • Civil War: fought between people of the same country
     • comes from oppression, political or religious conflict
     • often more personal than other kinds of war
   • Guerrilla War: small rebel groups do the fighting
     • hard to distinguish civillians
     • attacks often happen by surprise behind enemy lines
   • Limited War: only between two countries
     • ex: Iran-Iraq war
   • Conventional War: fought with soldiers on foot
   • Strategies: grand plan
     • defensive
     • offensive
     • siege
     • open order warfare

3. Effects of WWI

   • Political Challenge
     • Russian Revolution
       • Bolshevik Party
     • totalitarianism
       • Communism
       • nazism
       • fascism
     • corporatism
   • Fate of the great powers
     • Germany
       • Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates throne
       • forced to pay massive reparations
         • lost land in the east and Alsace-Lorraine
     • Britain and France
       • survived, but saw homefront unrest
     • Austria Hungary divided
       • severe economic depresion
       • serious loss of territory
     • Minority Groups
       • Yugoslavia formed
       • Czechoslovakia formed
     • Ottoman empire dissolved
   • social change
     • advancements in agriculture
     • advancements in industry
     • women join the workforce
     • development of art
       • reflection of social ideals
   • Reconstruction
     • League of nations
       • formed in 1920 in Geneva
       • proposed by Woodrow Wilson
     • disarmament conferences
     • zionist movement

4. Causes of WWI

   • Long-Term
     • Imperial Rivalry
       • World powers fought over territory/colonies
         • France and GB were rivals in north Africa
         • Germany annexed Alsace-Lorraine
       • rivalry in trade and markets
         • GB didn't like the growing size of German Navy or railroad plan
         • all countries experiencing economic growth more industry and access to resources
         • many countries passed tariffs to protect goods
       • ensured worldwide conflict
     • Militarism
       • New technology
       • every powerful country had a war plan
         • mobilization was seen as a declaration of war
       • Nationalism: people had pride in their country and military
     • defensive Alliances
       • Austria, Germany, Italy
       • France, GB, and Russia
   • short term
     • unrest in the balkans
     • internal conflict b/w religious groups in austria
     • Bosnian Crisis
     • Assassination of Franz Ferdinand