INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PROKARYOTES

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PROKARYOTES

1. NUCLEAR AREA

   • SINGLE LONG CIRCULAR MOLECULE OF DOUBLE STRANDED DNA
   • IN BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME, BACTERIA OFTEN CONTAIN SMALL CIRCULAR, DOUBLE STRANDED DNA MOLECULES

2. RIBOSOMES

   • SITES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
   • EACH SUBUNITS CONSIST OF PROTEIN AND RNA
     • RIBOSOMAL RNA
     • RRNA
   • HIGH RATES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS NEEDS ABUNDANT RIBOSOMES
   • TWO SUBUNITS

3. INCLUSION

   • STORES
     • SECRETORY PRODUCTS
     • NUTRIENTS
     • PIGMENT GRANULES
   • NON LIVING COMPONENTS OF THE CELLSTHAT DO NOT POSSESS METABOLIC ACTIVITY
   • NOT BOUNDED BY MEMBRANES

4. PLASMA MEMBRANE

   • FOR RESPIRATION
   • PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER (PROTEIN EMBEDDED IN AND ATTACHED TO INNER PART
   • ASSIST IN DNA REPLICATION
   • A PERMEABLE BARRIER
   • CAPTURES ENERGY AS ATP
   • SYNTHESIZES CELL WALL

5. ENDOSPORE

   • FORMED BY SOME BACTERIA FOR SURVIVAL DURING ADVERSE CONDITIONS
   • TYPES OF BACTERIA INVOLVED
     • CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
     • BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
   • CAN SURVIVE IN HARSH CONDITIONS
   • LEADS TO A HIGHLY DEHYDRATED STRUCTURE THICK WALLS AND ADDITIONAL LAYERS

6. CYTOPLASM

   • 80 % WATER
   • CONTAIN PROTEIN, CARBOHYDRATE, LIPIDS AND INORGANIC IONS
   • SUBSTANCE OF THE CELL INSIDE THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
   • THICK, AQUEOUS, SEMITRANSPARENT AND ELASTIC
   • MAJOR STRUCTURE
     • DNA
     • RIBOSOMES
     • INCLUSIONS

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